The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 1421 - 1437

Published: March 5, 2018

The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview the historical, contemporary and potential future roles ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. show that currently at least 75% 93% global naturalised flora grown domestic botanical gardens, respectively. Species gardens also have a larger range than those are not. After Middle Ages, particularly 18th 19th centuries, trade network emerged. Since then, cultivated species started to appear wild more frequently non-cultivated aliens globally, during century. Horticulture still plays prominent role current introduction, monetary value live-plant imports different parts world steadily increasing. Historically, - important component played major displaying, cultivating distributing new discoveries. While horticultural supply chain has declined, they significant link, with one-third institutions involved retail-plant sales research. However, become dependent on commercial nurseries as sources, North America. Plants selected for purposes not random selection flora, some characteristics promoted through horticulture, such fast growth, promote invasion. Efforts breed non-invasive cultivars rare. Socio-economical, technological, environmental changes will lead novel patterns introductions invasion opportunities already cultivated. describe could play mediating these changes. identify research challenges, call efforts past This required develop science-based regulatory frameworks prevent further

Language: Английский

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Integrative invasion science: model systems, multi‐site studies, focused meta‐analysis and invasion syndromes

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 200(3), P. 615 - 633

Published: July 24, 2013

Invasion science is a very active subdiscipline of ecology. However, some scientists contend that theoretical integration has been limited and predictive power remains weak. This paper, focusing on plants, proposes new multi-pronged research strategy builds recent advances in invasion science. More intensive studies particular model organisms ecosystems are needed to improve our understanding the full suite interacting factors influence invasions ('model system research'). At same time, comparative across many study systems essential for unravelling context-dependencies insights emerge from ('multi-site studies'); quantitative synthesis based large datasets should be constrained well-defined domains ('focused meta-analysis'). We also suggest ways better information about species biology ecosystem characteristics ('invasion syndromes'). expect resulting theory will need conceived as somewhat heterogeneous conglomerate elements varying generality power: laws apply well-specified domains, general concepts frameworks can guide thinking management, in-depth knowledge drivers invasions.

Language: Английский

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Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 2341 - 2353

Published: March 22, 2012

Abstract Understanding how communities assemble is a central goal of ecology. This particularly relevant for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), because the community composition these beneficial plant symbionts influences important ecosystem processes. Moreover, AMF may be used as sensitive indicators ecological soil quality if they respond to environmental variation in predictable way. Here, we use molecular profiling technique (T‐RFLP 25S rRNA gene fragments) test which factors determine AM fungal 40 agricultural soils Netherlands. In particular, whether species richness, dominance structure and nestedness are influenced by management type (in pairs organically conventionally farmed fields), examine contribution crop (maize vs. potato), (sand clay‐textured soils) habitat (plant root bulk soil) on characteristics. richness varied from 1 11 taxa per field. Communities species‐poor fields were found subsets those richer fields, indicating progressive ‘loss’ pool. occurrence roots highly correlated, was related intensity (phosphate availability grass‐cropping history together explained 32% 50% soils). Soil with chemical parameters only 17% variance structure. We synthesize results discussing potential ‘bottleneck effect’ through increased stochastic effects under stress.

Language: Английский

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Plant invasions into mountains and alpine ecosystems: current status and future challenges

Alpine Botany, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 126(2), P. 89 - 103

Published: July 20, 2016

Language: Английский

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Non-native and native organisms moving into high elevation and high latitude ecosystems in an era of climate change: new challenges for ecology and conservation

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 345 - 353

Published: Nov. 30, 2015

Language: Английский

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Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 405 - 413

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract High-elevation ecosystems are among the few worldwide that not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards fill climatic niches and respond ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether how quickly these changes happening has only been assessed in a isolated cases. Starting 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of plant distributions along mountain roads 11 regions from 5 continents. We show over 5- 10-year period, number increased on average approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction magnitude upper limit shifts depended elevation all Supported null-model approach accounting for chance alone, found greater than upward at lower/mid elevations least seven After dependence, significant were detected further three (revealing evidence 10 regions). Together, our results environments becoming increasingly exposed biological invasions, emphasizing need monitor prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging high-elevation ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Altitudinal Distribution Patterns of Soil Bacterial and Archaeal Communities Along Mt. Shegyla on the Tibetan Plateau

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 135 - 145

Published: July 28, 2014

Language: Английский

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Disturbance is the key to plant invasions in cold environments

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(49), P. 14061 - 14066

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Significance This work provides a complete experimental answer to the longstanding question of which local factors determine success (i.e., establishment, growth, and flowering) common nonnative plant invaders at their coldest physiological limits. Using multifactorial seed-addition experiment along repeated elevational gradients in two sub(ant)arctic mountain regions, we pinpoint relative contribution all main candidate determinants: temperature, disturbance, nutrient addition, propagule pressure. We warn that climate change direct human disturbances will together result increased invasion cold-climate ecosystems near future.

Language: Английский

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Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non‐native plant species in mountains around the world

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 236 - 246

Published: April 18, 2011

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate how species richness and similarity of non‐native plants varies along gradients elevation human disturbance. Location Eight mountain regions on four continents two oceanic islands. Methods We compared the distribution plant roads in eight mountainous regions. Within each region, abundance was recorded at 41–84 sites elevational using 100‐m 2 plots located 0, 25 75 m from roadsides. used mixed‐effects models to examine local variation were affected by processes three scales: among (global), (regional) with distance road (local). model selection information criteria choose best‐fit gradients. performed a hierarchical clustering human‐related factors environmental filtering as potential drivers global scale. Results Species strongly influenced operating scales ranging 100 1000s km. Non‐native highest New World regions, reflecting effects colonization Europe. Similarity low due mainly certain Eurasian species, mostly native temperate Europe, occurring all Elevation explained little similarity. The varied, but always greatest lower third range. In declined away this decline steeper higher elevations, there an interaction between elevation. Main conclusions Because are global, regional scales, multi‐scale perspective is needed understand their patterns distribution. involved include dispersal, differential establishment

Language: Английский

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Human disturbance and upward expansion of plants in a warming climate

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 577 - 580

Published: July 10, 2017

Language: Английский

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