A global analysis of land take in cropland areas and production displacement from urbanization

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 107 - 115

Published: Feb. 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Moving towards the second generation of lignocellulosic biorefineries in the EU: Drivers, challenges, and opportunities

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 590 - 599

Published: Dec. 5, 2018

Language: Английский

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Projecting global urban land expansion and heat island intensification through 2050

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 114037 - 114037

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Abstract Urban populations are expected to increase by 2–3 billion 2050, but we have limited understanding of how future global urban expansion will affect heat island (UHI) and hence change the geographic distributions extreme risks. Here develop spatially explicit probabilistic projections UHI intensification due land through 2050. Our show that areas expand 0.6–1.3 million km 2 between 2015 an 78%–171% over footprint in 2015. This result average summer daytime nighttime warming air temperature 0.5 °C–0.7 °C, up ∼3 °C some locations. is on about half, sometimes two times, as strong caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (multi-model ensemble Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5). extra expansion-induced warming, presented here, risks for half population, primarily tropical Global South, where existing forecasts already indicate stronger GHG emissions-warming lack adaptive capacity. In these vulnerable areas, policy interventions restrict or redistribute planning strategies mitigate UHIs needed reduce wide ranges impacts human health, energy system, ecosystem, infrastructures.

Language: Английский

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The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 73(6), P. 145A - 152A

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Terrestrial ecosystems, comprising vegetation and soil in uplands wetlands, significantly impact the global carbon (C) cycle and, under natural conditions, are a sink of atmospheric dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4). However, conversion to managed ecosystems (i.e., agroecosystems, urban lands, mined lands) depletes ecosystem C stocks, aggravates gaseous emissions, exacerbates radiative forcing. Thus, onset agriculture around 8000 BC presumably transformed these sinks into source greenhouse gases (GHGs) (Ruddiman 2003), mostly CO2, CH4, nitrous oxide (N2O), depleted terrestrial (soil, vegetation, peatlands) stocks. Ruddiman (2005) estimated depletion stock (soil vegetation) by 456 Pg (502.65 × 109 tn) since agriculture. Of this, historic organic (SOC) is at 130 135 (143.3 148.8 (Sanderman et al. 2017; Lal 2018). Therefore, recarbonization some biosphere an important strategy mitigate anthropogenic climate change (ACC) enhance other services because link between SOC concentration CO2 (Trenberth Smith 2005).

Language: Английский

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Global urban expansion offsets climate-driven increases in terrestrial net primary productivity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Abstract The global urbanization rate is accelerating; however, data limitations have far prevented robust estimations of either urban expansion or its effects on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). Here, using a high resolution dataset land use/cover (GlobeLand30), we show that areas expanded by an average 5694 km 2 per year between 2000 and 2010. rapid in the past decade has turn reduced NPP, with loss 22.4 Tg Carbon (Tg C −1 ). Although small compared to total NPP fossil fuel carbon emissions worldwide, urbanization-induced decrease offset 30% climate-driven increase (73.6 ) over same period. Our findings highlight urgent need for strategies address expansion, enhance natural sinks, agricultural productivity.

Language: Английский

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Urban land-use change: The role of strategic spatial planning

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 32 - 42

Published: May 14, 2018

To date land-change science has devoted little attention to spatial policy and planning in urban landscapes despite the widely accepted premise that affects land change. This is primarily due lack of relevant data an underdeveloped theoretical understanding regarding impact on be able better analyse role development we need distinguish: 1) intentions expressed plans; 2) means implementation plans through governance processes 3) external conditions influencing implementation. Based a synthesis current literature how implemented models, drawing from evaluation, sketch research agenda further develop these three components their interconnections as well application quantitative modelling approaches for regions.

Language: Английский

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Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(7)

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help explain challenges achieving thus also point toward solutions. The are as follows: 1) Meanings values socially constructed contested; 2) systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes path dependence common features systems; 4) some uses a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers impacts land-use change globally interconnected spill over distant locations; 6) humanity lives on used planet where all provides benefits societies; 7) usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" rare; 8) tenure claims often unclear, overlapping, 9) burdens from unequally distributed; 10) users multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas what social environmental justice entails. implications for governance, do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute set core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, practitioners meeting use.

Language: Английский

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Which practices co‐deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1532 - 1575

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Abstract There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address global challenges of climate mitigation, adaptation, combatting degradation desertification, delivering security (referred hereafter as “land challenges”). We assess potential 40 practices these find that: Nine options deliver medium large benefits all four challenges. A further two have no estimates but other Five mitigation (>3 Gt CO 2 eq/year) without adverse impacts on moderate potential, with Sixteen adaptation (>25 million people benefit), side effects Most can be applied competing available land. However, seven could result competition number do not require dedicated land, including several options, value chain risk options. Four greatly increase if at scale, though impact scale context specific, highlighting safeguards ensure that expansion does natural systems security. practices, such increased productivity, dietary reduced loss waste, reduce demand conversion, thereby potentially freeing‐up creating opportunities enhanced implementation making them important components portfolios combined

Language: Английский

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Urbanization can benefit agricultural production with large-scale farming in China

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 183 - 191

Published: March 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sustainability in an urbanizing planet

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(34), P. 8935 - 8938

Published: Aug. 7, 2017

Sustainability science is use-inspired fundamental research that links knowledge to action such meeting the needs of society can be balanced with sustaining life support systems planet (1, 2). Nowhere this action-oriented needed more than in urban areas are now home half world’s population, generating about 80% economy (3) as well over 70% global energy use and energy-related emissions (4). Depending on literature perspectives taken, urbanization cities will either key components transition sustainability or major threats sustainability. The dichotomy views partly a result wide range conditions uneven processes around world. Urban sites innovation production wealth, provide widespread access employment, education, sanitation, modern energy, but they also have high levels pollution, social exclusion, environmental degradation, cause unintended consequences outside boundaries; all these outcomes could occur simultaneously through same process. A number transitions underway, several which involve: change from predominantly rural lower-density population an higher-density living; shift economies agrarian manufacturing services, finance, technology; increasing resource intensity materials, water required produce unit good service; lasting imprint spatial configuration built environments their requisite infrastructures; subtle impact broad spectrum biotic interactions significant biodiversity; complexity reach institutions governance enforce rule law maintain civil society; individually demarcated towns … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should addressed. Email: karen.seto{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Language: Английский

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