Genetic diversity targets and indicators in the CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework must be improved

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 248, P. 108654 - 108654

Published: July 2, 2020

The 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will soon agree a post-2020 global framework for conserving three elements of biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity) while ensuring sustainable development benefit sharing. As most significant conservation policy mechanism, new CBD has far-reaching consequences- it guide actions reporting each member country until 2050. In previous strategies, as well other major mechanisms, targets indicators genetic diversity (variation at DNA level within which facilitates species adaptation function) were undeveloped focused agricultural relevance. We assert that, meet goals, all not just domesticated their wild relatives, must be conserved monitored using appropriate metrics. Building suggestions in recent Letter Science (Laikre et al., 2020) we expand argumentation new, pragmatic modifications two current maintaining adaptive capacity provide guidance practical use. are: 1) number populations with effective population size above versus below 500, 2) proportion maintained 3) is DNA-based methods. also present discuss Goals Action Targets are connected these underlying data. These goals have utility beyond CBD; they should monitoring via national decades come.

Language: Английский

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Population genetics of the coral Acropora millepora : Toward genomic prediction of bleaching

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6501)

Published: July 17, 2020

Conservation help from genomics Corals worldwide are under threat rising sea temperatures and pollution. One response to heat stress is coral bleaching—the loss of photosynthetic endosymbionts that provide energy for the coral. Fuller et al. present a high-resolution genome Acropora millepora (see Perspective by Bay Guerrero). They were able perform population genetic analyses with samples sequenced at lower coverage conduct genome-wide association studies. These data combined generate polygenic risk score bleaching can be used in conservation. Science this issue p. eaba4674 ; see also 249

Language: Английский

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Biomineralization: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary history

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(10)

Published: March 9, 2022

Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the history of life and global carbon cycle during past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification mass extinctions reflect physiological responses to environmental changes through time. An integrated understanding biomineralization is necessary illuminate this evolutionary record understand how modern will respond 21st century change. Biomineralization evolved independently but convergently across phyla, suggesting a unity mechanism that transcends biological differences. In review, we combine CaCO skeleton formation mechanisms with constraints from history, omics, meta-analysis isotopic data develop plausible model for applicable all phyla. The provides framework sensitivity calcifiers, extinctions, resilience acidifying oceans. Thus, it frames questions about past, present, future organisms.

Language: Английский

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Conserving intraspecific variation for nature’s contributions to people

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 574 - 582

Published: March 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 747 - 762

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Integrating climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation in the global ocean

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

The impacts of climate change and the socioecological challenges they present are ubiquitous increasingly severe. Practical efforts to operationalize climate-responsive design management in global network marine protected areas (MPAs) required ensure long-term effectiveness for safeguarding biodiversity ecosystem services. Here, we review progress integrating adaptation into MPA provide eight recommendations expedite this process. Climate-smart objectives should become default all areas, made an explicit international policy target. Furthermore, incentives use more dynamic tools would increase responsiveness as a whole. Given ongoing negotiations on conservation targets, now is ideal time proactively reform seascape climate-biodiversity reality.

Language: Английский

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Standardized short‐term acute heat stress assays resolve historical differences in coral thermotolerance across microhabitat reef sites

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4328 - 4343

Published: June 21, 2020

Abstract Coral bleaching is one of the main drivers reef degradation. Most corals bleach and suffer mortality at just 1–2°C above their maximum monthly mean temperatures, but some species genotypes resist or recover better than others. Here, we conducted a series 18‐hr short‐term acute heat stress assays side‐by‐side with 21‐day long‐term experiment to assess ability both approaches resolve coral thermotolerance differences reflective in situ temperature thresholds. Using suite physiological parameters (photosynthetic efficiency, whitening, chlorophyll , host protein, algal symbiont counts, type association), assessed susceptibility Stylophora pistillata colonies from windward/exposed leeward/protected sites nearshore central Red Sea, which had previously shown differential during natural event. Photosynthetic efficiency was most indicative expected higher thermal tolerance protected site, denoted by an increased retention dark‐adapted quantum yields temperatures. These were resolved using experimental setups, as corroborated positive linear relationship, not observed for other parameters. Notably, per‐colony (genotype) that may have been masked acclimation effects experiment. our newly developed portable system termed Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS), thus highlight potential mobile, standardized fine‐scale thermotolerance. Accordingly, such be suitable large‐scale determination complement existing identify resilient genotypes/reefs downstream examination prioritization conservation/restoration. Development framework consistent recommendations National Academy Sciences Reef Restoration Adaptation Program committees new intervention restoration strategies.

Language: Английский

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Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible

BioScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(9), P. 964 - 976

Published: April 13, 2021

Abstract Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting monitoring genetic diversity—one of the three main pillars biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation survival, ecosystem resilience, societal innovation. The low priority given to has been due knowledge gaps in key areas, including importance trends change; perceived high expense availability scattered nature data; complicated concepts information that are inaccessible policymakers. However, numerous recent advances knowledge, technology, databases, practice, capacity now set stage for better integration instruments efforts. We review these developments explore how they can support improved consideration global commitments enable countries monitor, report on, take maintain or restore diversity.

Language: Английский

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Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 68 - 79

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

Abstract Continued declines in coral reef health over the past three decades have been punctuated by severe mass bleaching‐induced mortality events that grown intensity and frequency under climate change. Intensive global research efforts therefore persistently focused on bleaching phenomena to understand where corals bleach, when why—resulting a large—yet still somewhat patchy—knowledge base. Particularly catastrophic 5 years catalyzed calls for more diverse set of management tools, extending far beyond mitigation protection, also include aggressive interventions. However, effectiveness these various tools now rests rapidly assimilating our knowledge base into integrated frameworks. Here, we consider how intensive has established basis complex biological environmental networks, which together regulate outcomes severity. We discuss enough scaffold conceptual frameworks underpinning susceptibility, but new are urgently required translate this an operational system informing—and testing—bleaching outcomes. Specifically, adopting network models can fully describe predict metabolic functioning holobionts, is regulated doses interactions among factors. Identifying gaps limiting operation such logical step immediately guide prioritize future experiments observations. at time‐critical point implement capacity resolve patterns emerge from biological–environmental so effectively inform evolving ecological social adaptation aimed securing reefs.

Language: Английский

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Future loss of local-scale thermal refugia in coral reef ecosystems

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. e0000004 - e0000004

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Thermal refugia underpin climate-smart management of coral reefs, but whether current thermal will remain so under future warming is uncertain. We use statistical downscaling to provide the highest resolution stress projections (0.01°/1 km, >230,000 reef pixels) currently available for reefs and identify on locally manageable scales. Here, we show that climate change overwhelm local-scale refugia, with declines in global from 84% pixels present-day 0.2% at 1.5°C, 0% 2.0°C warming. Local-scale oceanographic features such as upwelling strong ocean currents only rarely refugia. confirm 1.5°C relative pre-industrial levels be catastrophic reefs. Focusing efforts may effective short-term. Promoting adaptation higher temperatures facilitating migration instead needed secure survival.

Language: Английский

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