The inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(10)

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs and life on Earth presently faces a sixth mass event driven by anthropogenic activity, climate change ecological collapse. field conservation genetics aims at preserving using their levels genetic diversity, usually measured as neutral genome-wide barometer for evaluating population health risk. A fundamental assumption that higher diversity lead to an increase in fitness long-term survival species. Here, we argue against the perceived importance wild populations We demonstrate no simple general relationship exists between risk extinction. Instead, better understanding properties functional demographic history, relationships, necessary developing implementing effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(19), P. 5708 - 5725

Published: July 18, 2022

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) mass mortality events (MMEs) organisms are one their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during 2015-2019 period, Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting onset five consecutive years widespread MMEs across basin. These affected thousands kilometers coastline from surface to 45 m, a range habitats taxa (50 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between incidence heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at depths. Our findings reveal experiencing acceleration impacts which poses unprecedented threat its ecosystems' health functioning. Overall, increasing resolution empirical observation critical enhancing our ability more effectively understand manage consequences climate change.

Language: Английский

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3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6545), P. 984 - 989

Published: May 27, 2021

We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. find two types three-dimensional (3D) architectures at chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedly during evolution. The architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with absence condensin II subunits. Moreover, depletion converts human to a state resembling seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In this state, centromeres cluster together nucleoli, heterochromatin domains merge. propose physical model which lengthwise compaction chromosomes by mitosis determines chromosome-scale architecture, effects are retained subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely has been conserved since last common ancestor all eukaryotes.

Language: Английский

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A beginner's guide to low‐coverage whole genome sequencing for population genomics

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(23), P. 5966 - 5993

Published: July 12, 2021

Abstract Low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) has emerged as a powerful and cost‐effective approach for population genomic studies in both model nonmodel species. However, with read depths too low to confidently call individual genotypes, lcWGS requires specialized analysis tools that explicitly account genotype uncertainty. A growing number of such have become available, but it can be difficult get an overview what types analyses performed reliably data, how the distribution effort between samples analysed per‐sample affects inference accuracy. In this introductory guide lcWGS, we first illustrate cost is now comparable RAD‐seq Pool‐seq many systems. We then provide software packages uncertainty different inference. Next, use simulated empirical data assess accuracy allele frequency, genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium estimation, detection structure, selection scans under strategies. Our results show spreading given amount across more lower depth per sample consistently improves most inference, few notable exceptions. Finally, potential using imputation bolster from species, discuss current limitations future perspectives lcWGS‐based genomics research. With overview, hope make approachable stimulate its broader adoption.

Language: Английский

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Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 747 - 762

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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A stony coral cell atlas illuminates the molecular and cellular basis of coral symbiosis, calcification, and immunity

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(11), P. 2973 - 2987.e18

Published: May 1, 2021

Stony corals are colonial cnidarians that sustain the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on Earth: coral reefs. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about cell types and molecular pathways underpin biology of reef-building corals. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we define over 40 across life cycle Stylophora pistillata. We discover specialized immune cells, uncover developmental gene expression dynamics calcium-carbonate skeleton formation. By simultaneously measuring transcriptomes cells algae within them, characterize metabolic programs involved in symbiosis both partners. also trace evolution these specializations by phylogenetic integration multiple cnidarian type atlases. Overall, this study reveals cellular basis stony biology.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity loss in the Anthropocene

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6613), P. 1431 - 1435

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Anthropogenic habitat loss and climate change are reducing species' geographic ranges, increasing extinction risk losses of genetic diversity. Although preserving diversity is key to maintaining adaptability, we lack predictive tools global estimates across ecosystems. We introduce a mathematical framework that bridges biodiversity theory population genetics understand the naturally occurring DNA mutations with decreasing habitat. By analyzing genomic variation 10,095 georeferenced individuals from 20 plant animal species, show genome-wide follows mutations-area relationship power law area, which can predict local extinctions. estimate more than 10% may already be lost for many threatened nonthreatened surpassing United Nations' post-2020 targets preservation.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives and Benefits of High-Throughput Long-Read Sequencing in Microbial Ecology

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 87(17)

Published: June 16, 2021

Short-read, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods have yielded numerous important insights into microbial ecology and function. Yet, in many instances short-read HTS techniques are suboptimal, for example, by providing insufficient phylogenetic resolution or low integrity of assembled genomes. Single-molecule synthetic long-read (SLR) successfully ameliorated these limitations.

Language: Английский

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Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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The coral microbiome: towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of coral–microbiota interactions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding the nature functional significance complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview complexity coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity functions well-studied cryptic microbes. Mining literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour third all marine bacterial phyla, known symbionts antagonists represent minute fraction this these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled bacteria gain niche holobiont. Recent advances research aimed at leveraging manipulation increase coral's fitness help mitigate heat stress-related mortality discussed. Then, insights potential through microbiota can communicate modify host responses examined by describing recognition patterns, microbially derived epigenome effector proteins gene regulation. Finally, power omics tools used study highlighted emphasis integrated host-microbiota multiomics framework understand underlying during change-driven dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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