Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4)
Published: Nov. 30, 2023
Fundamental
knowledge
gaps
exist
about
the
plasticity
of
cells
from
adult
soma
and
potential
diversity
body
shape
behavior
in
living
constructs
derived
genetically
wild-type
cells.
Here
anthrobots
are
introduced,
a
spheroid-shaped
multicellular
biological
robot
(biobot)
platform
with
diameters
ranging
30
to
500
microns
cilia-powered
locomotive
abilities.
Each
Anthrobot
begins
as
single
cell,
human
lung,
self-constructs
into
motile
biobot
after
being
cultured
extra
cellular
matrix
for
2
weeks
transferred
minimally
viscous
habitat.
Anthrobots
exhibit
diverse
behaviors
motility
patterns
tight
loops
straight
lines
speeds
5-50
s
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
53(18), P. 9190 - 9253
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Autonomous
micro/nanorobots
capable
of
performing
programmed
missions
are
at
the
forefront
next-generation
micromachinery.
These
small
robotic
systems
predominantly
constructed
using
functional
components
sourced
from
micro-
and
nanoscale
materials;
therefore,
combining
them
with
various
advanced
materials
represents
a
pivotal
direction
toward
achieving
higher
level
intelligence
multifunctionality.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
for
innovative
micro/nanorobotics,
focusing
on
five
families
that
have
witnessed
most
rapid
advancements
over
last
decade:
two-dimensional
materials,
metal-organic
frameworks,
semiconductors,
polymers,
biological
cells.
Their
unique
physicochemical,
mechanical,
optical,
properties
been
integrated
into
to
achieve
greater
maneuverability,
programmability,
intelligence,
multifunctionality
in
collective
behaviors.
The
design
fabrication
methods
hybrid
discussed
based
material
categories.
In
addition,
their
promising
potential
powering
motion
and/or
(multi-)functionality
is
described
fundamental
principles
underlying
explained.
Finally,
extensive
use
variety
applications,
including
environmental
remediation,
(bio)sensing,
therapeutics,
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(2), P. 3389 - 3396
Published: March 3, 2021
Soft
robots
are
notoriously
hard
to
control.
This
is
partly
due
the
scarcity
of
models
and
simulators
able
capture
their
complex
continuum
mechanics,
resulting
in
a
lack
control
methodologies
that
take
full
advantage
body
compliance.
Currently
available
methods
either
too
computational
demanding
or
overly
simplistic
physical
assumptions,
leading
paucity
simulation
resources
for
developing
such
schemes.
To
address
this,
we
introduce
Elastica,
an
open-source
environment
modeling
dynamics
soft,
slender
rods
can
bend,
twist,
shear,
stretch.
We
couple
Elastica
with
five
state-of-the-art
reinforcement
learning
(RL)
algorithms
(TRPO,
PPO,
DDPG,
TD3,
SAC).
successfully
demonstrate
distributed,
dynamic
soft
robotic
arm
four
scenarios
both
large
action
spaces,
where
RL
difficult,
small
actor
must
learn
interact
its
environment.
Training
converges
10
million
policy
evaluations
near
real-time
evaluation
learned
policies.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Oct. 23, 2019
Abstract
Natural
creatures,
from
fish
and
cephalopods
to
snakes
birds,
combine
neural
control,
sensory
feedback
compliant
mechanics
effectively
operate
across
dynamic,
uncertain
environments.
In
order
facilitate
the
understanding
of
biophysical
mechanisms
at
play
streamline
their
potential
use
in
engineering
applications,
we
present
here
a
versatile
numerical
approach
simulation
musculoskeletal
architectures.
It
relies
on
assembly
heterogenous,
active
passive
Cosserat
rods
into
dynamic
structures
that
model
bones,
tendons,
ligaments,
fibers
muscle
connectivity.
We
demonstrate
its
utility
range
problems
involving
biological
soft
robotic
scenarios
scales
environments:
millimeter-long
bio-hybrid
robots
synthesis
reconstruction
complex
systems.
The
versatility
this
methodology
offers
framework
aid
forward
inverse
bioengineering
designs
as
well
fundamental
discovery
functioning
living
organisms.
Bioinspiration & Biomimetics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 015001 - 015001
Published: Oct. 20, 2022
The
past
ten
years
have
seen
the
rapid
expansion
of
field
biohybrid
robotics.
By
combining
engineered,
synthetic
components
with
living
biological
materials,
new
robotics
solutions
been
developed
that
harness
adaptability
muscles,
sensitivity
sensory
cells,
and
even
computational
abilities
neurons.
Biohybrid
has
taken
popular
scientific
media
by
storm
advances
in
field,
moving
out
science
fiction
into
real
engineering.
So
how
did
we
get
here,
where
should
go
next?
In
this
perspective,
first
provide
historical
context
crucial
subareas
reviewing
10+
microorganism-bots
sperm-bots,
cyborgs,
tissue-based
robots.
We
then
present
critical
challenges
facing
our
perspectives
on
vital
future
steps
toward
creating
autonomous
machines.
Bio-Design and Manufacturing,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 107 - 132
Published: May 16, 2021
Abstract
In
the
past
few
decades,
robotics
research
has
witnessed
an
increasingly
high
interest
in
miniaturized,
intelligent,
and
integrated
robots.
The
imperative
component
of
a
robot
is
actuator
that
determines
its
performance.
Although
traditional
rigid
drives
such
as
motors
gas
engines
have
shown
great
prevalence
most
macroscale
circumstances,
reduction
these
to
millimeter
or
even
lower
scale
results
significant
increase
manufacturing
difficulty
accompanied
by
remarkable
performance
decline.
Biohybrid
robots
driven
living
cells
can
be
potential
solution
overcome
drawbacks
benefiting
from
intrinsic
microscale
self-assembly
tissues
energy
efficiency,
which,
among
other
unprecedented
properties,
also
feature
flexibility,
self-repair,
multiple
degrees
freedom.
This
paper
systematically
reviews
development
biohybrid
First,
biological
flexible
drivers
introduced
while
emphasizing
on
their
advantages
over
drivers.
Second,
up-to-date
works
regarding
are
reviewed
detail
three
aspects:
driving
sources,
materials,
structures
with
associated
control
methodologies.
Finally,
future
applications
major
challenges
explored.
Graphic
abstract
iScience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
24(5), P. 102505 - 102505
Published: May 1, 2021
Increased
control
of
biological
growth
and
form
is
an
essential
gateway
to
transformative
medical
advances.
Repairing
birth
defects,
restoring
lost
or
damaged
organs,
normalizing
tumors,
all
depend
on
understanding
how
cells
cooperate
make
specific,
functional
large-scale
structures.
Despite
advances
in
molecular
genetics,
significant
gaps
remain
our
the
meso-scale
rules
morphogenesis.
An
engineering
approach
this
problem
creation
novel
synthetic
living
forms,
greatly
extending
available
model
systems
beyond
evolved
plant
animal
lineages.
Here,
we
review
recent
emerging
field
morphogenesis,
bioengineering
multicellular
bodies.
Emphasizing
emergent
self-organization,
tissue-level
guided
self-assembly,
active
functionality,
work
next
generation
biology.
Aside
from
useful
machines
for
specific
functions,
rational
design
analysis
new,
coherent
anatomies
will
increase
foundational
questions
evolutionary
developmental
cell
