Engineered Living Systems Based on Gelatin: Design, Manufacturing, and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Engineered living systems (ELSs) represent purpose-driven assemblies of components, encompassing cells, biomaterials, and active agents, intricately designed to fulfill diverse biomedical applications. Gelatin its derivatives have been used extensively in ELSs owing their mature translational pathways, favorable biological properties, adjustable physicochemical characteristics. This review explores the intersection gelatin with fabrication techniques, offering a comprehensive examination synergistic potential creating for various applications biomedicine. It offers deep dive into gelatin, including structures production, sources, processing, properties. Additionally, techniques employing derivatives, generic microfluidics, 3D printing methods. Furthermore, it discusses based on regenerative engineering as well cell therapies, bioadhesives, biorobots, biosensors. Future directions challenges are also examined, highlighting emerging trends areas improvements innovations. In summary, this underscores significance gelatin-based advancing lays groundwork guiding future research developments within field.

Language: Английский

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Biohybrid robots: recent progress, challenges, and perspectives

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 015001 - 015001

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

The past ten years have seen the rapid expansion of field biohybrid robotics. By combining engineered, synthetic components with living biological materials, new robotics solutions been developed that harness adaptability muscles, sensitivity sensory cells, and even computational abilities neurons. Biohybrid has taken popular scientific media by storm advances in field, moving out science fiction into real engineering. So how did we get here, where should go next? In this perspective, first provide historical context crucial subareas reviewing 10+ microorganism-bots sperm-bots, cyborgs, tissue-based robots. We then present critical challenges facing our perspectives on vital future steps toward creating autonomous machines.

Language: Английский

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Auxetic Metamaterials for Biomedical Devices: Current Situation, Main Challenges, and Research Trends

Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1439 - 1439

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Auxetic metamaterials are characterized by a negative Poisson ratio (NPR) and display an unexpected property of lateral expansion when stretched densification compressed. properties can be achieved designing special microstructures, hence their classification as metamaterials, manufactured with varied raw materials methods. Since work in this field began, auxetics have been considered for different biomedical applications, some biological tissues auxetic-like behaviour due to lightweight structure morphing properties, which makes ideal interacting the human body. This research study is developed aim presenting updated overview auxetic devices. It stands out providing comprehensive view medical applications auxetics, including focus on prosthetics, orthotics, ergonomic appliances, performance enhancement devices, vitro devices cells, advanced medicinal clinical products, especially tissue engineering scaffolds living cells. Innovative design simulation approaches auxetic-based products covered, relevant manufacturing technologies prototyping producing analysed, taking into consideration those capable processing biomaterials enabling multi-scale multi-material auxetics. An rational auxetics-based presented integrative purposes. Finally, key research, development expected technological breakthroughs discussed.

Language: Английский

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Micro‐Nanocarriers Based Drug Delivery Technology for Blood‐Brain Barrier Crossing and Brain Tumor Targeting Therapy

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(45)

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Abstract The greatest obstacle to using drugs treat brain tumors is the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), making it difficult for conventional drug molecules enter brain. Therefore, how safely and effectively penetrate BBB achieve targeted delivery has been a challenging research problem. With intensive in micro‐ nanotechnology recent years, nano drug‐targeted technologies have shown great potential overcome this challenge, such as inorganic nanocarriers, organic polymer‐carriers, liposomes, biobased carriers, which can be designed different sizes, shapes, surface functional groups enhance their ability tumors. In review, composition overcoming patterns of are detailed, then hot topics carriers years summarized, mechanisms action on factors affecting described detail, effectiveness therapy evaluated. Finally, challenges dilemmas developing tumor systems discussed, will promising future based micro‐nanocarriers technology.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Metal Actuators: A Comparative Analysis of Surface Tension Controlled Actuation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: June 26, 2023

Liquid metals, with their unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties, offer great opportunities for actuation based on surface tension modulation. Thanks to the scaling laws tension, which can be electrochemically controlled at low voltages, liquid metal actuators stand out from other soft remarkable characteristics such as high contractile strain rates higher work densities smaller length scales. This review summarizes principles discusses performance well theoretical pathways toward performances. The objective is provide a comparative analysis ongoing development actuators. design are analyzed, including low-level elemental (kinematics electrochemistry), mid-level structural (reversibility, integrity, scalability), high-level functionalities. A wide range practical use cases robotic locomotion object manipulation logic computation reviewed. From an energy perspective, strategies compared coupling source fully untethered robots. concludes by offering roadmap future research directions

Language: Английский

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Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field

Soft Robotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 674 - 686

Published: April 21, 2023

Advances in science and engineering often reveal the limitations of classical approaches initially used to understand, predict, control phenomena. With progress, conceptual categories must be re-evaluated better track recently discovered invariants across disciplines. It is essential refine frameworks resolve conflicting boundaries between disciplines such that they facilitate, not restrict, experimental capabilities. In this essay, we address specific questions critiques which have arisen response our research program, lies at intersection developmental biology, computer science, robotics. context biological machines robots, explore changes concepts previously distinct fields are driven by recent advances materials, information, life sciences. Herein, each author provides their own perspective on subject, framed disciplinary training. We argue as with computation, certain aspects biology robotics tied materials; rather, consilience these can help shed light issues multiscale control, self-assembly, relationships form function. hope new emerge arising from technological overcome, furthering practical applications regenerative medicine useful synthetic living machines.

Language: Английский

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Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions

Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Recent technological advances in micro-robotics have demonstrated their immense potential for biomedical applications. Emerging micro-robots versatile sensing systems, flexible locomotion and dexterous manipulation capabilities that can significantly contribute to the healthcare system. Despite appreciated tangible benefits of medical micro-robotics, many challenges still remain. Here, we review major challenges, current trends significant achievements developing intelligent with a focus on applications early diagnosis therapeutic interventions. We also consider some recent emerging micro-robotic technologies employ synthetic biology support new generation living micro-robots. expect inspire future development toward clinical translation by identifying roadblocks need be overcome.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Electrospinning Techniques for Precise Medicine

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the realm of precise medicine, advancement manufacturing technologies is vital for enhancing capabilities medical devices such as nano/microrobots, wearable/implantable biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, which serve to accurately acquire analyze patients’ physiopathological information perform patient-specific therapy. Electrospinning holds great promise in engineering materials components advanced devices, due demonstrated ability advance development nanomaterial science. Nevertheless, challenges limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, difficulties incorporating fragile molecules cells, low production effectiveness hindered its further application. To overcome these challenges, electrospinning techniques have been explored manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, scale-up fabrication. This review delves into recent advances underscores their potential revolutionizing field upon introducing fundamental conventional techniques, well discussing current future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Oral administration microrobots for drug delivery

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 163 - 190

Published: May 21, 2024

Oral administration is the most simple, noninvasive, convenient treatment. With increasing demands on targeted drug delivery, traditional oral treatment now facing some challenges: 1) biologics how to implement and ensure bioavailability not lower than subcutaneous injections; 2) How achieve therapy of drugs in gastrointestinal tract? Based these two issues, delivery microrobots have shown great application prospect due their characteristics flexible locomotion or driven ability. Therefore, this paper summarizes various developed recent years divides them into four categories according different driving modes: magnetic-controlled microrobots, anchored self-propelled biohybrid microrobots. As involve disciplines such as materials science, mechanical engineering, medicine, control systems, begins by introducing barriers that must overcome. Subsequently, it provides an overview typical involved design process To enhance readers' understanding working principles we present a guideline for designing Furthermore, current development status types reviewed, summarizing respective advantages limitations. Finally, considering significant concerns regarding safety clinical translation, discuss challenges prospections translation presented paper, providing corresponding suggestions addressing existing challenges.

Language: Английский

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A Manta Ray-Inspired Biosyncretic Robot with Stable Controllability by Dynamic Electric Stimulation

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Biosyncretic robots, which are new nature-based robots in addition to bionic that utilize biological materials realize their core function, have been supposed further promote the progress robotics. Actuation as main operation mechanism relates robotic overall performance. Therefore, biosyncretic actuated by living actuators attracted increasing attention. However, innovative propelling modes and control methods still necessary for development of controllable motion performance robots. In this work, a muscle tissue-based swimmer with manta ray-inspired mode has developed. What is more, improve stable controllability swimmer, dynamic method based on circularly distributed multiple electrodes (CDME) proposed. method, direction electric field generated CDME could be real-time controlled parallel actuation tissue swimmer. instability induced included angle between axis eliminated. Finally, robot demonstrated stable, controllable, effective swimming, adjusting stimulation pulse direction, amplitude, frequency. This work may beneficial not only but also other related studies including design soft engineering.

Language: Английский

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