The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 72 - 89

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits controlled automatic processing, related to the functions prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions networks. A psychometric approach shows unity diversity CC constructs, 3 components most commonly studied constructs: general or common specific mental set shifting working memory updating. These constructs considered against cellular systems neurobiology PFC what is known its functional neuroanatomical network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, neuroimaging approaches across species. also context motivation, as "cool" "hot" forms. Its Common component shown be distinct from intelligence (g) closely response inhibition. Impairments possible causes psychiatric symptoms consequences disorders. The factor psychopathology (p) dimensional such impulsivity large scale developmental adult populations considered, well implications for genetic studies RDoC classification.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Executive Function and Its Development

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 942 - 956

Published: April 29, 2020

Research on executive function in early childhood has flourished recent years. Much of this work is premised a view development as the emergence set domain-general component processes (e.g., working memory updating, inhibitory control, shifting). This shaped how we think about relations between and other aspects development, role environment executive-function best to improve children who struggle with it. However, there are conceptual empirical reasons doubt that should be defined way. I argue better understood skills using control service specific goals. Such goals activate influenced by mental content such knowledge, beliefs, norms, values, preferences acquired important consider understanding children’s performance measures function. account explains findings than component-process view; leads specific, testable hypotheses; implications for theory, measurement, interventions.

Language: Английский

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Sibling Constructs: What Are They, Why Do They Matter, and How Should You Handle Them?

Personality and Social Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 344 - 366

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Researchers often study constructs that are conceptually and/or empirically related, but distinct (i.e., “sibling constructs”). In social-personality psychology, as well psychology more generally, there is little guidance for how to deal with sibling constructs, which can result in researchers ignoring or mishandling them. this article, we start by situating the literature on jingle-jangle fallacies. Then, outline 10 conceptual and empirical criteria determining degree which, what ways, may share a relationship, using self-esteem grandiose narcissism running example. Finally, discuss strategies handling systematic transparent way. We hope procedures described here will help psychologists identify understand when why they pose problems their research, adopt ameliorate adverse effects.

Language: Английский

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Temporal stability in measurements matters only for stable constructs

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Functional connectivity during frustration: a preliminary study of predictive modeling of irritability in youth

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 1300 - 1306

Published: Jan. 21, 2021

Irritability cuts across many pediatric disorders and is a common presenting complaint in child psychiatry; however, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. One core pathophysiological deficit of irritability aberrant responses to frustrative nonreward. Here, we conducted preliminary fMRI study examine the ability functional connectivity during nonreward predict transdiagnostic sample. This included 69 youths (mean age = 14.55 years) with varying levels diagnostic groups: disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (n 20), attention-deficit/hyperactivity 14), anxiety 12), controls 23). During fMRI, participants completed frustrating cognitive flexibility task. Frustration was evoked by manipulating task difficulty such that, on trials requiring flexibility, "frustration" blocks had 50% error rate some rigged feedback, while "nonfrustration" 10% rate. nonfrustration were randomly interspersed. Child parent reports affective reactivity index used as dimensional measures irritability. Connectome-based predictive modeling, machine learning approach, tenfold cross-validation identify networks predicting Connectivity frustration (but not nonfrustration) predicted child-reported (ρ 0.24, root mean square 2.02, p 0.03, permutation testing, 1000 iterations, one-tailed). Results adjusted for age, sex, medications, motion, ADHD, symptoms. The primarily within motor-sensory networks; among motor-sensory, subcortical, salience between these frontoparietal medial frontal networks. provides evidence that individual differences may be associated frustration, phenotype-relevant state.

Language: Английский

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Age-related changes and longitudinal stability of individual differences in ABCD Neurocognition measures

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 101078 - 101078

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Temporal stability of individual differences is an important prerequisite for accurate tracking prospective relationships between neurocognition and real-world behavioral outcomes such as substance abuse psychopathology. Here we report age-related changes longitudinal test-retest (TRS) the Neurocognition battery Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included NIH Toolbox (TB) Domain additional memory visuospatial processing tests administered at baseline (ages 9-11) two-year follow-up. As expected, performance improved significantly with age, but effect size varied broadly, Pattern Comparison Crystallized Cognition Composite showing largest gain (Cohen's d:.99 and.97, respectively). TRS ranged from fair (Flanker test: r = 0.44) to excellent (Crystallized Composite: 0.82). A comparison cross-sectional within follow-up assessments suggested that, some measures, may be confounded by practice effects in task stimuli or procedure In conclusion, a subset measures showed good despite significant changes, warranting their use predictors. However, caution needed interpretation observed indicators neurocognitive development.

Language: Английский

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“Cognitive control in media multitaskers” ten years on: A meta-analysis

Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: April 26, 2021

In the decade since Ophir, Nass, and Wagner’s (2009) seminal study numerous researchers have investigated possible associations between media multitasking cognitive control. Extending recent reviews, present provides a synthesis of extant research into this association across measurement approachs functions. Following systematic search selection process, 118 assessments were included in meta-analysis. Overall, pooled effect size association, approaches control functions, is small. This moderated both by approach as well outcome variables targeted. These differences are tested explained detail. Building on findings, it recommended that be conducted to determine sources heterogeneity outcomes, understand approaches, address causality theoretical mechanisms. review suggests that, ten years on, we no closer understanding ‘cognitive multitaskers.’

Language: Английский

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A unified online test battery for cognitive impulsivity reveals relationships with real-world impulsive behaviours

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(11), P. 1562 - 1577

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Misophonia Symptoms Severity is Attributed to Impaired Flexibility and Heightened Rumination

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Abstract Misophonia is a disorder involving sensitivity to certain sounds and related stimuli. Here, we explore the relationship between misophonia affective flexibility, which describes cognitive shifting abilities in face of emotion-evoking Previous evidence suggests impaired subjective flexibility misophonia, but this has not been confirmed behaviourally or emotionally-salient contexts. The secondary aim study test potential association building upon findings from previous research. third objective examine rumination, maladaptive process characterized by repetitive negative thinking linked both inflexibility. One hundred forty participants completed recently developed Memory Affective Flexibility Task (MAFT), designed assess as well battery self-report measures evaluate severity, rumination. Results suggested an inverse measured switch accuracy, reaction time, severity. Cognitive was also inversely associated with notably did attribute task-based suggesting two independent constructs involved manifestation. Rumination positively severity flexibility. Taken together, these highlight unique profile rigidity at psychological level through inflexibility executive-function terms switching difficulties.

Language: Английский

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A prospective study of alcohol involvement and the dual‐systems model of adolescent risk‐taking during late adolescence and emerging adulthood

Addiction, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 114(4), P. 653 - 661

Published: Nov. 6, 2018

Abstract Aims To estimate interactions and unique effects of behavioral approach control on alcohol involvement hypothesized by dual‐systems models, during adolescence emerging adulthood. Design In a longitudinal study, were examined in relation to involvement, cross‐sectionally prospectively. Setting participants A total 846 general population twins born Colorado, USA assessed twice (mean = 17.3 22.8 years; female 51.4%; white 91.8%). Measurements Behavioral was measured self‐report questionnaires sensation‐seeking subjective alcohol. self‐reported lack planning nine executive functioning (EF) tasks. Interviewers administered semi‐structured clinical interviews assess use disorder (AUD). Findings None 36 interaction statistically significant (β −0.16–0.14, P > 0.06), suggesting that dual systems are additively related involvement. multiple regression explained independent variance quantity 0.09–0.33, < 0.04) frequency −0.11–0.29, 0.03) at both waves. During adolescence, only 0.27–0.28, 0.001) AUD. Moreover, measures the same construct involvement: for control, EF associated with −0.11–0.25, 0.02) AUD adulthood −0.09–0.16, 0.03). For approach, all waves 0.20–0.33, 0.01) 0.09–0.11, 0.04). prospective adolescent later 0.12–0.18, 0.12–0.14, 0.02). Conclusions Both components models explain adulthood, different system separate risk processes. The relations between appear be bidirectional.

Language: Английский

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