Role of Goblet Cells in Intestinal Barrier and Mucosal Immunity

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 3171 - 3183

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract: Goblet cells and the mucus they secrete serve as an important barrier, preventing pathogens from invading mucosa to cause intestinal inflammation. The perspective regarding goblet has changed, with current evidence suggesting that are not passive but play a positive role in maintaining tract immunity mucosal homeostasis. could obtain luminal antigens, presenting them underlying antigen-presenting (APCs) induces adaptive immune responses. Various immunomodulatory factors can promote differentiation maturation of cells, secretion mucin. abnormal proliferation well deficiency synthesis mucins, result barrier dysfunction. This review provides extensive outline signaling pathways regulate cell control mucins elucidate how altering these affects functionality. Furthermore, interaction between immunology is described. Therefore, contribution promoting gut defense homeostasis illustrated, while clarifying regulatory mechanisms involved may allow development new therapeutic strategies for disorders. Keywords: cell, tract, immunity, cytokine, Mucin2

Language: Английский

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New Insights Into Gut-Bacteria-Derived Indole and Its Derivatives in Intestinal and Liver Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune metabolic status. Indole its derivatives are metabolites produced by metabolism of tryptophan catalyzed intestinal microorganisms. By activating nuclear receptors, regulating hormones, affecting biological effects bacteria as signaling molecules, indole maintain homeostasis impact liver response, which shows good therapeutic prospects. We reviewed recent studies on derivatives, including related metabolism, influence diets commensal bacteria, targets mechanisms in pathological conditions, especially progress strategies. New research insights into indoles will facilitate a better understanding their druggability application diseases.

Language: Английский

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Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 17, 2022

Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota exhibit a range of biological activities. Recent studies indicate that indoles contribute to maintaining the barrier human intestine, which exert anti-inflammatory activities mainly through activating AhR PXR receptors affect immune system’s function, significantly improving health (inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhagic colitis, colorectal cancer) further promote (diabetes mellitus, central system inflammation, vascular regulation). However, revealed toxic influences cannot be ignored. Indoxyl sulfate, an derivative, performs nephrotoxicity cardiovascular toxicity. We addressed interaction between indoles’ effects on double-edged swords. This review provides scientific bases for correlation with diseases moreover highlights several directions subsequent indoles-related studies.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 14, 2021

Abstract Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, most striking characteristics of are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide comprehensive review importance regulation intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, brain functions, present possible opportunities for application to alleviate/treat human diseases.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6022 - 6022

Published: May 30, 2024

The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase predisposition several disease phenotypes such as inflammation and metabolic disorders. converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve biologically active molecules modulating regulatory functions host. Probiotics, which are microorganisms, play a versatile restoring composition microbiota, helping improve prevent phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on their influence health, effects diet how alter function along with corresponding building healthy intestine. We also discuss implications some most important diseases. In summary, significant boosting overall immunity, increasing abundance beneficial bacteria, ameliorate symptoms multiple

Language: Английский

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Orchestration of MUC2 — The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 123862 - 123862

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases prolonging healthy life expectancies are particular importance. Gut microbiota emerged as novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes gut during aging, characteristics centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving or intervene pathological through microbiota-directed strategies. This review aims summarize associated with explore potential biomarkers address microbiota-associated mechanisms focusing intestinal barrier immune status. By summarizing existing effective dietary strategies interventions, probability developing diet targeting future is provided. focused three key notions: Firstly, new for regulating status lifespan, its closely related age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated features at levels genus/species important metabolites comparing differences among elderly people younger people. Secondly, exploring discussing using regime/components targeted aging-related promote human lifespan. Thirdly, intervention effectively improve imbalance such probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, but their effects vary among.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Lactobacillus johnsonii to reverse chronic kidney disease

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Abstract Accumulated evidence suggested that gut microbial dysbiosis interplayed with progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no available therapy is effective in suppressing CKD. Here, using microbiomics 480 participants including healthy controls and patients stage 1–5 CKD, we identified an elongation taxonomic chain Bacilli-Lactobacillales-Lactobacillaceae- Lactobacillus - johnsonii correlated CKD progression, whose abundance strongly clinical markers. L. reduced rats adenine-induced supplementation ameliorated lesion. Serum indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), level negatively creatinine rats, decreased serum of induced unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) 5/6 nephrectomy (NX) as well late patients. Treatment IAld dampened lesion through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signal or UUO, cultured 1-hydroxypyrene-induced HK-2 cells. Renoprotective effect was partially diminished AHR deficiency mice Our further data showed treatment attenuated by via increasing level. Taken together, targeting might reverse This study provides a deeper understanding how microbial-produced tryptophan metabolism affects host discovers potential pathways for prophylactic therapeutic treatments

Language: Английский

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Role of AHR Ligands in Skin Homeostasis and Cutaneous Inflammation

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3176 - 3176

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of skin barrier function. It also controls immune-mediated responses. The AHR modulates various physiological functions by acting as a sensor that mediates environment–cell interactions, particularly during immune and inflammatory Diverse experimental systems have been used to assess the AHR’s role in inflammation, including vitro assays keratinocyte stimulation murine models psoriasis atopic dermatitis. Similar approaches addressed ligands, e.g., TCDD, FICZ, microbiota-derived metabolites, homeostasis pathology. Tapinarof novel AHR-modulating agent inhibits inflammation enhances topical application tapinarof being evaluated clinical trials treat In present review, we summarize effects natural synthetic ligands keratinocytes cells, their relevance normal cutaneous diseases.

Language: Английский

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An Insight into the Roles of Dietary Tryptophan and Its Metabolites in Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65(5)

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, chronic, and relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, which includes mainly two conditions, namely ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn's (CD). Development of IBD in any individual closely related to his/her autoimmune regulation, gene-microbiota interactions, dietary factors. Dietary tryptophan (Trp) an essential amino acid for intestinal mucosal cells, it associated with the inflammation, epithelial barrier, energy homeostasis host. According recent studies, Trp its three major metabolic pathways, kynurenine (KYN) pathway, indole 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have vital roles regulation inflammation by acting directly or indirectly on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, functions various immune as well microbial composition homeostasis. In this review, advances Trp- metabolites-associated are summarized. It further discusses complex mechanisms interrelationships pathways regulating could elucidate value be used a nutrient patients.

Language: Английский

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