Molecular Biology of the Cell,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
36(5)
Published: May 1, 2025
Like
eukaryotes,
bacteria
and
archaea
rely
on
intracellular
organelles
to
manage
biological
activities.
Despite
their
prevalence,
the
understanding
of
diversity
these
molecular
mechanisms
governing
function
remain
limited.
In
this
review,
we
examine
potential
genomics
metagenomics
augment
classical
approaches
for
study
discovery
microbial
organelles.
First,
highlight
how
intimate
interplay
between
model
system
studies
have
been
critical
in
illuminating
function,
diversity,
ancient
evolutionary
origins
lipid-bounded
magnetosome
magnetotactic
bacteria.
We
next
discuss
central
role
open
genome
databases
mechanistic
identification
characterization
protein-bounded
encapsulin
with
novel
roles
sulfur
metabolism
other
cellular
processes.
Finally,
focus
mostly
uncultured
Asgard
superphylum,
whose
metagenomes
are
challenging
our
views
organelle
evolution
eukaryogenesis.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
618(7967), P. 992 - 999
Published: June 14, 2023
Abstract
In
the
ongoing
debates
about
eukaryogenesis—the
series
of
evolutionary
events
leading
to
emergence
eukaryotic
cell
from
prokaryotic
ancestors—members
Asgard
archaea
play
a
key
part
as
closest
archaeal
relatives
eukaryotes
1
.
However,
nature
and
phylogenetic
identity
last
common
ancestor
remain
unresolved
2–4
Here
we
analyse
distinct
marker
datasets
an
expanded
genomic
sampling
evaluate
competing
scenarios
using
state-of-the-art
phylogenomic
approaches.
We
find
that
are
placed,
with
high
confidence,
well-nested
clade
within
sister
lineage
Hodarchaeales,
newly
proposed
order
Heimdallarchaeia.
Using
sophisticated
gene
tree
species
reconciliation
approaches,
show
analogous
evolution
genomes,
genome
in
involved
significantly
more
duplication
fewer
loss
compared
other
archaea.
Finally,
infer
was
probably
thermophilic
chemolithotroph
which
evolved
adapted
mesophilic
conditions
acquired
genetic
potential
support
heterotrophic
lifestyle.
Our
work
provides
insights
into
prokaryote-to-eukaryote
transition
platform
for
better
understanding
cellular
complexity
cells.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
613(7943), P. 332 - 339
Published: Dec. 21, 2022
Abstract
Asgard
archaea
are
considered
to
be
the
closest
known
relatives
of
eukaryotes.
Their
genomes
contain
hundreds
eukaryotic
signature
proteins
(ESPs),
which
inspired
hypotheses
on
evolution
cell
1–3
.
A
role
ESPs
in
formation
an
elaborate
cytoskeleton
and
complex
cellular
structures
has
been
postulated
4–6
,
but
never
visualized.
Here
we
describe
a
highly
enriched
culture
‘
Candidatus
Lokiarchaeum
ossiferum’,
member
phylum,
thrives
anaerobically
at
20
°C
organic
carbon
sources.
It
divides
every
7–14
days,
reaches
densities
up
5
×
10
7
cells
per
ml
significantly
larger
genome
compared
with
single
previously
cultivated
strain
represent
5%
its
protein-coding
genes,
including
four
actin
homologues.
We
imaged
enrichment
using
cryo-electron
tomography,
identifying
Ca
L.
ossiferum’
basis
characteristic
expansion
segments
their
ribosomes.
Cells
exhibited
coccoid
bodies
network
branched
protrusions
frequent
constrictions.
The
envelope
consists
membrane
surface
structures.
long-range
extends
throughout
bodies,
twisted
double-stranded
architecture
filaments
is
consistent
F-actin.
Immunostaining
indicates
that
comprise
Lokiactin—one
most
conserved
archaea.
propose
actin-based
predated
emergence
first
eukaryotes
was
crucial
feature
phylum
by
scaffolding
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(10), P. 2726 - 2726
Published: Oct. 12, 2021
Proteins
of
the
actin
depolymerizing
factor
(ADF)/cofilin
family
are
ubiquitous
among
eukaryotes
and
essential
regulators
dynamics
function.
Mammalian
neurons
express
cofilin-1
as
major
isoform,
but
ADF
cofilin-2
also
expressed.
All
isoforms
bind
preferentially
cooperatively
along
ADP-subunits
in
F-actin,
affecting
filament
helical
rotation,
when
either
alone
or
enhanced
by
other
proteins,
promotes
severing
subunit
turnover.
Although
self-regulating
cofilin-mediated
can
drive
motility
without
post-translational
regulation,
cells
utilize
many
mechanisms
to
locally
control
cofilin,
including
cooperation/competition
with
proteins.
Newly
identified
modifications
function
independent
from
well-established
phosphorylation
serine
3
provide
unexplored
avenues
for
isoform
specific
regulation.
Cofilin
modulates
transport
nucleus
well
organization
associated
mitochondrial
fission
mitophagy.
Under
neuronal
stress
conditions,
cofilin-saturated
F-actin
fragments
undergo
oxidative
cross-linking
bundle
together
form
cofilin-actin
rods.
Rods
abundance
within
around
brain
ischemic
lesions
be
rapidly
induced
neurites
most
hippocampal
cortical
through
energy
depletion
glutamate-induced
excitotoxicity.
In
~20%
rodent
neurons,
rods
more
slowly
a
receptor-mediated
process
triggered
factors
intimately
connected
disease-related
dementias,
e.g.,
amyloid-β
Alzheimer’s
disease.
This
rod-inducing
pathway
requires
cellular
prion
protein,
NADPH
oxidase,
G-protein
coupled
receptors,
CXCR4
CCR5.
Here,
we
will
review
aspects
cofilin
regulation
its
contribution
synaptic
loss
pathology
neurodegenerative
diseases.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(21), P. 11868 - 11868
Published: Nov. 1, 2021
How
can
single
cells
without
nervous
systems
perform
complex
behaviours
such
as
habituation,
associative
learning
and
decision
making,
which
are
considered
the
hallmark
of
animals
with
a
brain?
Are
there
molecular
that
underlie
cognitive
properties
equivalent
to
those
This
review
follows
development
idea
brains
from
Darwin’s
“root
brain
hypothesis”,
through
bacterial
chemotaxis,
recent
discovery
neuron-like
r-protein
networks
in
ribosome.
By
combining
structural
biology
view
Bayesian
approach,
this
explores
evolutionary
labyrinth
information
processing
across
scales.
Ribosomal
protein
open
window
into
what
were
probably
earliest
signalling
emerge
before
radiation
three
kingdoms.
While
ribosomal
characterised
by
long-lasting
interactions
between
their
nodes,
cell
essentially
based
on
transient
interactions.
As
corollary,
while
signals
propagated
persistent
may
be
ephemeral,
whose
constrain
diffusing
cytoplasm
durable
time,
post-translational
modifications
proteins
or
second
messenger
synthesis.
The
duration
nature
signals,
turn,
implies
different
mechanisms
for
integration
multiple
making.
Evolution
then
reinvented
metazoans.
simple
display
architectural
functional
analogies
comparison
could
suggest
scale
invariance
processing.
At
level,
significant
complexification
eukaryotic
is
associated
burst
acquisition
new
conserved
aromatic
amino
acids.
Knowing
residues
play
critical
role
allosteric
receptors
channels,
observation
suggests
general
π
charged
acids
signal
We
think
these
findings
provide
basis
designing
future
computers
organic
processors.
The
dichotomy
that
separates
prokaryotic
from
eukaryotic
cells
runs
deep.
transition
pro-
to
eukaryote
evolution
is
poorly
understood
due
a
lack
of
reliable
intermediate
forms
and
definitions
regarding
the
nature
first
host
could
no
longer
be
considered
prokaryote,
common
ancestor,
FECA.
last
LECA,
was
complex
cell
united
all
traits
characterising
biology
including
mitochondrion.
role
endosymbiotic
organelle
in
this
radical
towards
life
is,
however,
sometimes
questioned.
In
particular
discovery
asgard
archaea
has
stimulated
discussions
pre-endosymbiotic
complexity
Here
we
review
differences
similarities
among
models
view
as
isolated
coincidental
events
archaeal
or,
on
contrary,
result
response
endosymbiosis.
Inspecting
perspective
endosymbiont
uncovers
can
explained
having
evolved
solution
housing
semi-autonomous
why
addition
another
endosymbiont,
plastid,
added
extra
compartments.
Mitochondria
provided
selective
pressures
for
origin
(and
continued
maintenance)
complexity.
Moreover,
they
also
energetic
benefit
throughout
eukaryogenesis
evolving
thousands
gene
families
unique
eukaryotes.
Hence,
synthesis
current
data
lets
us
conclude
such
Golgi
apparatus,
nucleus,
autophagosomes,
meiosis
sex
an
imposes.
