The surface urban heat island effect decreases bird diversity in Chinese cities

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 902, P. 166200 - 166200

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extreme elevational migration spurred cryptic speciation in giant hummingbirds

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(21)

Published: May 13, 2024

The ecoevolutionary drivers of species niche expansion or contraction are critical for biodiversity but challenging to infer. Niche may be promoted by local adaptation constrained physiological performance trade-offs. For birds, evolutionary shifts in migratory behavior permit the broadening climatic into varied, seasonal environments. Broader niches can short-lived if diversifying selection and geography promote speciation subdivision across gradients. To illuminate breadth dynamics, we ask how “outlier” defy constraints. Of 363 hummingbird species, giant ( Patagona gigas ) has broadest a large margin. test roles behavior, trade-offs, genetic structure maintaining its exceptional breadth, studied movements, respiratory traits, population genomics. Satellite light-level geolocator tracks revealed an >8,300-km loop migration over Central Andean Plateau. This included 3-wk, ~4,100-m ascent punctuated upward bursts pauses, resembling acclimatization routines human mountain climbers, accompanied surging blood-hemoglobin concentrations. Extreme was deep genomic divergence from high-elevation resident populations, with decisive postzygotic barriers gene flow. two forms occur side-by-side differ almost imperceptibly size, plumage, traits. taxon is world’s largest hummingbird, previously undiscovered that describe name here. hummingbirds demonstrate limits on breadth: when ancestral expanded due evolution (or loss) extreme followed.

Language: Английский

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The highest-elevation frog provides insights into mechanisms and evolution of defenses against high UV radiation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(46)

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Defense against ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is essential for survival, especially in high-elevation species. Although some specific genes involved UV response have been reported, the full view of defense mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used integrated approaches to analyze responses highest-elevation frog, Nanorana parkeri . We show less damage and more efficient antioxidant activity skin this frog than those its lower-elevation relatives after exposure. also reveal related a corresponding temporal expression pattern N. Genomic metabolomic analysis along with large-scale transcriptomic profiling revealed time-dependent coordinated mechanism identified several microRNAs that play important regulatory roles, decreasing levels cell cycle genes. Moreover, multiple (i.e., TYR melanogenesis) exhibit positive selection function-enhancing substitutions. Thus, both shifts gene mutations contribute adaptation Our work demonstrates genetic framework evolution natural environment.

Language: Английский

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Incomplete Concordance Between Host Phylogeny and Gut Microbial Community in Tibetan Wetland Birds

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 19, 2022

Gut microbial communities of animals play key roles in host evolution, while the relationship between gut microbiota and evolution Tibetan birds remains unknown. Herein, we sequenced 67 wild seven species dwelling wetlands. We found an obvious species-specific structure among these plateau whose habitats were overlapped. Different from mammals, there was no strict synergy hierarchical tree community phylogeny. In brown-headed gulls (Larus brunnicephalus) as example, differed different habitats, relative abundance bacteria, such Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Paracoccus, Lachnospiraceae, Vibrio, significantly correlated with altitude. Finally, various pathogenic bacteria wetlands, interspecific differences related to their diet living environments.

Language: Английский

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Alpine burrow-sharing mammals and birds show similar population-level climate change risks

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 990 - 996

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Combining Molecular, Macroevolutionary, and Macroecological Perspectives on the Generation of Diversity

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. a041453 - a041453

Published: March 19, 2024

Charles Darwin presented a unified process of diversification driven by the gradual accumulation heritable variation. The growth in DNA databases and increase genomic sequencing, combined with advances molecular phylogenetic analyses, gives us an opportunity to realize Darwin's vision, connecting generation variation lineages. rate evolution is correlated across animals plants, but relationship between genome change speciation complex: Mutation rates evolve response life history niche; substitution are influenced mutation, selection, population size; acquisition reproductive isolation vary populations; traits, niches, distribution can influence rates. connection mutation one part complex varied story speciation, which has theoretical importance for understanding biodiversity also practical impacts on use understand dynamics over macroevolutionary timescales.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive Divergence and Functional Convergence: The Evolution of Pulmonary Gene Expression in Amphibians of the Qingzang Plateau

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The Qingzang Plateau, with its harsh environmental conditions—low oxygen, high ultraviolet radiation and significant temperature fluctuations—demands specialised adaptations for survival. While genetic have been extensively studied, gene expression's role in amphibian adaptation to elevations remains understudied. This study analysed pulmonary expression 119 amphibians across the plateau explore how factors shape evolution. Transcriptomic analyses revealed interspecies variation, driven by like temperature, oxygen levels, UVB precipitation. Principal Component Mantel found no correlation between divergence distance. Instead, species‐specific traits pressures were pivotal shaping patterns. PERMANOVA analysis showed had varying impacts on species. For instance, Bufo gargarizans exhibited a strong response multiple factors, while Scutiger boulengeri was less influenced, reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Functional enrichment highlighted convergence key biological processes, such as energy metabolism, apoptosis autophagy, despite differences. These processes are critical surviving plateau's extremes. findings suggest that evolution Plateau is shaped both diversity pressures. Although profiles vary, they converge essential functions, offering insights into mechanisms extreme environments.

Language: Английский

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Whole-genome relaxed selection and molecular constraints in Triplophysa under adapted Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transcription factors in Orinus: novel insights into transcription regulation for speciation adaptation on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of plant growth, development, and resistance to environmental stresses. However, comprehensive understanding the roles TFs in speciation Orinus, an extreme-habitat on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, is limited. Here, we identified 52 TF families, including 2125 members by methodically analysing domain findings, gene structures, chromosome locations, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic trees were produced for each Orinus family using protein sequences together with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) indicate subgroups. The differences between species terms size implies that both Orinus- wheat-specific subfamily contractions (and expansions) contributed high adaptability Orinus. Based deep mining RNA-Seq data two O. thoroldii kokonoricus, obtained differentially expressed (DETFs) 20 most which higher than kokonoricus. In addition, Cis-element analysis shows MYC G-box elements enriched promoter region DETFs, suggesting jasmonic acid (JA) abscisic (ABA) act synergistically enhance signalling related abiotic stress responses, ultimately leading improvement tolerance adaptation Our serve as a genetic resource not only filling gap studies families within this genus but also providing preliminary insights into molecular mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vertebrate Adaptive Evolution: A Systematic Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 416 - 416

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Adaptive evolution is a process in which variation that confers an evolutionary advantage specific environmental context arises and propagated through population. When investigating this process, researchers have mainly focused on describing advantageous phenotypes or putative genotypes. A recent increase molecular data accessibility technological advances has allowed to go beyond description make inferences about the mechanisms underlying adaptive evolution. In systematic review, we discuss articles from 2016 2022 investigated reviewed vertebrates response variation. Regulatory elements within genome regulatory proteins involved either gene expression cellular pathways been shown play key roles most of discussed factors. Gene losses were suggested be associated with some contexts. Future research could benefit more investigations noncoding regions genome, regulation mechanisms, potentially yielding phenotypes. Investigating how novel genotypes are conserved also contribute our knowledge

Language: Английский

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