State-level macro-economic factors moderate the association of low income with brain structure and mental health in U.S. children

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract Macrostructural characteristics, such as cost of living and state-level anti-poverty programs relate to the magnitude socioeconomic disparities in brain development mental health. In this study we leveraged data from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) 10,633 9-11 year old youth (5115 female) across 17 states. Lower income was associated with smaller hippocampal volume higher internalizing psychopathology. These associations were stronger states living. However, high that provide more generous cash benefits for low-income families, reduced by 34%, association family resembled lowest We observed similar patterns State-level may be confounded other factors related neurodevelopment robust controls numerous social, economic, political characteristics. findings suggest macrostructural including generosity policies, are potentially relevant addressing relationship low

Language: Английский

---

Gone Too Soon: priorities for action to prevent premature mortality associated with mental illness and mental distress

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 452 - 464

Published: May 11, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the Role of Neuroplasticity in Development, Aging, and Neurodegeneration

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1610 - 1610

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of brain reorganize and modify its neural connections in response environmental stimuli, experience, learning, injury, disease processes. It encompasses a range mechanisms, including changes synaptic strength connectivity, formation new synapses, alterations structure function neurons, generation neurons. plays crucial role developing maintaining function, learning memory, as well recovery from injury adaptation changes. In this review, we explore vast potential neuroplasticity various aspects across lifespan context disease. Changes aging significance cognitive later life will also be reviewed. Finally, discuss common mechanisms associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes (including protein aggregation accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation) how these can mitigated, at least partially, by non-invasive non-pharmacologic lifestyle interventions aimed promoting harnessing neuroplasticity.

Language: Английский

---

Theta activity and cognitive functioning: Integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 101404 - 101404

Published: June 1, 2024

The theta band is one of the most prominent frequency bands in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and presents an interesting paradox: while elevated during resting state linked to lower cognitive abilities children adolescents, increased tasks associated with higher performance. Why does power, measured versus tasks, show differential correlations functioning? This review provides integrated account functional correlates across different contexts. We first present evidence that correlated executive functioning, attentional abilities, language skills, IQ. Next, we research showing increases memory, attention, control, these processes better Finally, discuss potential explanations for between resting/task-related offer suggestions future this area.

Language: Английский

---

How Effective Is (More) Money? Randomizing Unconditional Cash Transfer Amounts in the US

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

We randomized over 5,000 US individuals in poverty to one of three conditions during the first year COVID-19 pandemic: receiving a one-time $500 unconditional cash transfer (UCT; half month's worth total household income for median participant; N=1,374), $2,000 UCT (two months' income; N=699), or nothing (N=3,170). measured effects UCTs on participants' financial well-being, psychological cognitive capacity, and physical health through surveys administered week, six weeks, 15 weeks after receipt. For 43% our sample, we also observe bank account balances transactions. While transfers increased expenditures few find no evidence that they had positive impacts pre-specified survey outcomes at any time point. further significant differences between groups. These findings stand stark contrast (incentivized) predictions both experts nationally representative sample laypeople, who---depending treatment group, outcome, period---estimated effect sizes +0.16 +0.65 SDs. test several explanations these unexpected results, including via two experiments embedded trial. The data are most consistent with notion some but not enough money made needs---and gap their resources needs---more salient, which turn generated feelings distress.

Language: Английский

---

Prenatal Stress and the Developing Brain: Postnatal Environments Promoting Resilience

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(10), P. 942 - 952

Published: Dec. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Determinants of Inequities in Neurologic Disease, Health, and Well-being

Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 101(7_Supplement_1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

A National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke working group developed the Determinants Inequities in Disease, Health, Well-being framework. Our goal was to guide inspire a new generation neurologic research that pushes field design test approaches pursuit health equity, population health, social justice. We seek expand lens those looking reduce or eliminate racial, socioeconomic status, other inequities disease, well-being improve our collective ability create research, programs, policies lead larger, more impactful, sustainable change disease patterns. In this context, we outline framework includes highlights "upstream" factors hopes enhancing focus programmatic, policy efforts well-being. explicitly discuss racism structural clarify determinants are not natural unchangeable. Populations with disproportionate burden inherently deficient, despite what some framing imply. The is presented linearly, but pathways linking far complex than demonstrated by arrows included figure. different levels scale causation, including intermediary their impact on health. offer refine contextualize interpretation findings suggest avenues for application. illustrate how behavioral biological occur economic have been understudied as points intervention disease. Considering provides promising opportunities achieve reach justice, science. Extending work fashion simply about equity justice fundamentally quality underlying theory improving study implementation.

Language: Английский

---

From neural circuits to communities: an integrative multidisciplinary roadmap for global mental health

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 12 - 24

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Annual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 538 - 567

Published: March 1, 2024

Depression is a serious public health problem, and adolescence an ‘age of risk’ for the onset Major Depressive Disorder. Recently, we others have proposed neuroimmune network models that highlight bidirectional communication between brain immune system in both mental physical health, including depression. These draw on research indicating cellular actors (particularly monocytes) signaling molecules cytokines) orchestrate inflammation periphery can directly modulate structure function brain. In brain, inflammatory activity heightens sensitivity to threats cortico‐amygdala circuit, lowers rewards cortico‐striatal alters executive control emotion regulation prefrontal cortex. When dysregulated, particularly under conditions chronic stress, generate feelings dysphoria, distress, anhedonia. This initiate unhealthy, self‐medicating behaviors (e.g. substance use, poor diet) manage which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation these circuits response may compound each other form positive feedback loop, whereby one organ exacerbates other. We suggest this dynamic joint vulnerability depression, during adolescence. three goals present paper. First, extend developmental framework risk depression Second, examine how perspective help explain high rates comorbidity psychiatric disorders across development, multimorbidity stress‐related medical illnesses. Finally, consider identifying pathways facilitate ‘next generation’ behavioral biological interventions target treat, ideally prevent, youth adolescents.

Language: Английский

---

Fostering inclusion in EEG measures of pediatric brain activity

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 2, 2024

The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in neuroscientific evidence being used to characterize how contextual, structural, and societal factors shape cognition school readiness. Measures of functional brain activity are increasingly viewed as markers child development biomarkers that could be employed track the impact interventions. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides promising tool understand educational inequities, traditional EEG data acquisition is commonly limited some racial ethnic groups due hair types styles. This ultimately constitutes unintentional systemic racism by disproportionately excluding participants from certain participation representation neuroscience research. Here, we provide comprehensive review cultural considerations surrounding density, texture, styling consistently skew samples less representative Black Latinx participants. We also recommendations materials promote best practices.

Language: Английский

---