Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 322(1), P. 98 - 112

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Summary Human autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs were first discovered in a woman with disseminated shingles and described by Ion Gresser from 1981 to 1984. They have since been found patients diverse conditions are even used as diagnostic criterion autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome 1 (APS‐1). However, their apparent lack of association viral diseases, including shingles, led wide acceptance the conclusion that they had no pathological consequences. This perception began change 2020, when underlie about 15% cases critical COVID‐19 pneumonia. shown other severe 5%, 20%, 40% influenza pneumonia, MERS West Nile virus encephalitis, respectively. also seem be associated various settings. These auto‐Abs present all age groups general population, but frequency increases reach at least 5% elderly. We estimate 100 million people worldwide carry IFNs. Here, we briefly review history study these auto‐Abs, focusing particularly on known causes

Language: Английский

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The ouroboros of autoimmunity

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 743 - 754

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Microbe, the Infection Enigma, and the Host

Annual Review of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(1), P. 103 - 124

Published: July 10, 2024

Human infectious diseases are unique in that the discovery of their environmental trigger, microbe, was sufficient to drive development extraordinarily effective principles and tools for prevention or cure. This medical prowess has outpaced, perhaps even hindered, scientific progress equal magnitude biological understanding diseases. Indeed, hope kindled by germ theory disease rapidly subdued infection enigma, need a host solution, when it realized most individuals infected with agents continue do well. The root causes death unhappy few remained unclear. While canonical approaches vitro (cellular microbiology), vivo (animal models), natura (clinical studies) analyzed consequences considered be cause disease, cells, tissues, organisms seen as uniform host, alternative searched preexisting particularly human genetic immunological determinants populations diverse trigger microbe.

Language: Английский

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The microbial damage and host response framework: lesson learned from pathogenic survival trajectories and immunoinflammatory responses of Talaromyces marneffei infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

The adverse outcomes of fungal infection in mammalian hosts depend on the complex interactions between host immune system and pathogen virulence-associated traits. main clinical problems arise when response is either too weak to effectively eliminate or overly aggressive, resulting tissue damage rather than protection. This article will highlight current knowledge regarding virulence attributions mechanisms involved dual-sided role immunopathogenesis thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei through lens framework (DRF) microbial pathogenesis model.

Language: Английский

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The germ theory revisited: A noncentric view on infection outcome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(17)

Published: April 5, 2024

The germ theory states that pathogenic microorganisms are responsible for causing infectious diseases. is inherently microbe-centric and does not account variability in disease severity among individuals asymptomatic carriership—two phenomena indicating an important role host infection outcome. basic tenet of the was recently challenged, a radically host-centric paradigm referred to as “full-blown theory” proposed. According this view, pathogen reduced passive environmental trigger, development instead due pre-existing immunodeficiencies host. Here, we consider factors determine using established knowledge concerning evolutionary biology, microbial pathogenesis, host–pathogen interactions. We note available data support noncentric view recognizes key roles both causative microbe dictating

Language: Английский

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Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 221(12)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Arboviral diseases are a growing global health concern. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie encephalitis due to West Nile virus (WNV) (∼40% of patients) and tick-borne (TBE, TBE [TBEV]) (∼10%). We report here that these auto-Abs also severe forms rarer arboviral infections. Auto-Abs high concentrations IFN-α2, IFN-β, and/or IFN-ω present in the single case Powassan (POWV) studied, two three cases Usutu (USUV) infection most 24 Ross River (RRV) disease studied. These not found any 137 individuals with silent or mild infections viruses. Thus, IFNs an increasing list Flaviviridae (WNV, TBEV, POWV, USUV) Togaviridae viruses transmitted humans by mosquitos USUV, RRV) ticks (TBEV, POWV).

Language: Английский

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Genetic defects of brain immunity in childhood herpes simplex encephalitis

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 635(8039), P. 563 - 573

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Host-directed immunotherapy for viral infections

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2025

Purpose of review The limitations pathogen-directed therapies include growing antimicrobial resistance or the complete lack any effective agents. This highlights potential for host-directed immunotherapies. Recent findings provides a current status immunotherapies to fight infectious diseases (HIFI), defining concept and existing modalities. Drawing on large-scale viral studies – most which are historical with limited recent research key lessons its future clinical application. Summary HIFI represents paradigm shift in disease management, moving beyond pathogen-targeting harnessing modulating host immunity. approach requires better mechanistic pharmacologic understanding modalities, development newer agents based tractable immunobiology, robust studies.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal bacterial prevalence in cystic fibrosis airways: Fact and artifact

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 58 - 64

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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EBV infection drives MS pathology: Yes

Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4-5), P. 483 - 485

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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