The dual roles of serotonin in antitumor immunity

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 107255 - 107255

Published: June 12, 2024

Research has shown that a significant portion of cancer patients experience depressive symptoms, often accompanied by neuroendocrine hormone imbalances. Depression is frequently associated with decreased levels serotonin the alternate name 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), leading to common use selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as antidepressants. However, role in tumor regulation remains unclear, its expression displaying varied effects across different types tumors. Tumor initiation and progression are closely intertwined immune function human body. Neuroimmunity, an interdisciplinary subject, played unique study relationship between psychosocial factors tumors their mechanisms recent years. This article offers comprehensive review serotonin's regulatory roles onset progression, well impacts on cells microenvironment. The aim stimulate further research discover novel targets for treatment.

Language: Английский

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Senomorphic activity of a combination of niacinamide and hyaluronic acid: correlation with clinical improvement of skin aging

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 15, 2024

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including lifestyle sun exposure, can contribute to cell senescence, which impairs skin homeostasis, that may in turn lead aging. Senescent cells have a specific secretome, called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) includes MMPs, CXCLs S100A8/9. Reducing SASP with senotherapeutics is promising strategy reduce Here we evaluated effect of formula containing niacinamide hyaluronic acid, are known limit senescence We conducted three different studies. (1) Ex vivo explants treated had more collagen glycosaminoglycan. (2) In clinical trial forty-four women, two months treatment improved fine lines, wrinkles, luminosity, smoothness, homogeneity, plumpness. (3) third study on thirty one arm for took biopsies gene expression. 101 mRNAs 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed. observed likely senomorphic effect, as there was decrease many genes MMP12 CXCL9 significant downregulation autocrine signaling genes: S100A8 S100A9. These pharmaco-clinical results first demonstrate properties an effective anti-aging skin.

Language: Английский

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Neurotransmitters: Impressive regulators of tumor progression

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 116844 - 116844

Published: May 31, 2024

In contemporary times, tumors have emerged as the primary cause of mortality in global population. Ongoing research has shed light on significance neurotransmitters regulation tumors. It been established that play a pivotal role tumor cell angiogenesis by triggering transformation stromal cells into cells, modulating receptors stem and even inducing immunosuppression. These actions ultimately foster proliferation metastasis cells. Several major found to exert modulatory effects including ability restrict emergency hematopoiesis bind postsynaptic membrane, thereby inhibiting malignant progression. The abnormal secretion is closely associated with progression, suggesting focusing may yield unexpected breakthroughs therapy. This article presents an analysis outlook potential targeting

Language: Английский

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Advanced and Metastatic Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Treatment Options

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1448 - 1448

Published: June 28, 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) form the majority of cancers, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) being most common and cutaneous squamous (cSCC) second. Prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure, aging, male gender, immunosuppression represent causes this category diseases. BCCs cSCCs both include different types such as nodular or morpheaform BCC flat cSCC. Locally advanced metastatic NMSCs cannot be treated surgically; thus, systemic therapy (TKI Immunotherapy) is needed. Interestingly, are frequently linked to abnormal Hedgehog (HH) signaling which immunotherapies for these based upon. Of note, first line therapies BCC, sonidegib vismodegib, HH inhibitors. Programmed death receptor 1 antibody (PD-1) inhibitors cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab have been approved treatment Thus, paper reviews epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, options

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of Cemiplimab for the Management of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Drug Safety Evaluation

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1732 - 1732

Published: April 29, 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancer includes several types of cutaneous tumors, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous (cSCC) as the commonest. Among available therapeutic options, surgical excision is mainstay treatment for both tumors. However, tumor features patients’ comorbidities may limit use these techniques, making challenging. As regards BCC, even if hedgehog inhibitors revolutionized scenario, there are still patients unresponsive or intolerant to drugs. In this context, cemiplimab has been approved second-line treatment. SCC, was first systemic therapy approved. The objective manuscript investigate efficacy safety management BCC cSCC. Cemiplimab a durable significant effect CSCC, favorable profile. Different specialists including oncologists, radiologists, dermatologists, surgeons required guarantee an integrated approach, leading best patients. Moreover, collaboration among will allow them manage TEAEs, reducing risk suspension discontinuation. Certainly, ongoing studies more emerging real-world evidence, us better characterize role advanced non-melanoma cancer.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma: Current and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7252 - 7252

Published: June 30, 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate durable responses, long-term survival benefits, and improved outcomes in cancer patients compared to chemotherapy. However, the majority of do not respond ICIs, a high proportion those who ICI therapy develop innate or acquired resistance limiting their clinical utility. The most studied predictive tissue biomarkers for response are PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression, DNA mismatch repair deficiency, tumour mutation burden, although these weak predictors response. identification better remains an important goal improve would benefit from ICIs. Here, we review established emerging response, focusing on epigenomic genomic alterations patients, which have potential help guide single-agent immunotherapy combination with other immunotherapies agents. We briefly current status biomarkers, including investigational present insights into several promising biomarker candidates, knowledge gaps context melanoma patients.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Functions of Vitamin D and CYP11A1-Derived Vitamin D, Tachysterol, and Lumisterol Metabolites: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 996 - 996

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Evidence is increasing that vitamin D and CYP11A1-derived D, tachysterol, lumisterol metabolites play a significant antioxidant role beyond its classical functions in bone health calcium metabolism. Several recent studies have linked these elements to reduced oxidative stress as well improved immune, cardiovascular, neurological result of chronic kidney disease cancer. Additionally, supplementation with this has been shown be one the most cost-effective micronutrient interventions worldwide, highlighting potential therapeutic approach. The underlying mechanisms implications function or are not understood. This comprehensive narrative review aimed at summarizing current evidence regarding molecular implicated provide general overview identify key research areas for future, offering an extensive perspective can guide both researchers clinicians management diseases associated and/or insufficient status.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and membrane-protective effects of the 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid-cannabigerol system on UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228, P. 251 - 266

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Protective Role of Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation Against Dementia: An Ecological Analysis of Global Data

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims This study investigates the global impact of ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on dementia incidence, addressing its controversial association with risk. UVR, through both vitamin D‐dependent independent mechanisms, influences physiological processes essential for brain health, such as reducing neuroinflammation, improving sleep regulation, enhancing neuroplasticity. aims to clarify relationship between UVR incidence evaluate role in public health strategies prevention. Methods An ecological analysis across 204 countries was conducted using country‐specific data levels rates. Bivariate analysis, partial correlation, multiple linear regression models were employed assess incidence. Confounding factors, including aging, economic affluence, genetic predisposition, urbanization, controlled ensure robust results. Subgroup analyses performed explore differences income classifications, regional groupings, developmental statuses, based World Bank United Nations criteria. Results A significant inverse correlation identified ( r = −0.764, p < 0.001), which persisted after adjusting confounding factors. emerged strongest predictor explaining a substantial portion variance, followed by aging second predictor. revealed that protective effects particularly pronounced developing countries, where limited access D supplementation, combined greater exposure natural sunlight may enhance influence. Conclusion Lower are associated higher rates worldwide, suggesting critical mitigating Public should consider environmental factors like regions sunlight. Incorporating interventions optimize could offer cost‐effective approach burden outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of Hedyotis diffusa Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 261 - 261

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The decline in autophagy disrupts homeostasis skin cells, leading to oxidative stress, energy deficiency, and inflammation—all key contributors photoaging. Consequently, activating has become a focal strategy for delaying Natural plants are rich functional molecules widely used the development of anti-photoaging cosmetics. Hedyotis diffusa (HD), as medicinal plant, is renowned its anti-inflammatory anticancer properties; however, effects on photoaging remain unclear. This study investigates HD’s potential counteract by restoring mitochondrial keratinocytes. We HPLC detect main chemical components HD and, using UVB-induced model HaCaT keratinocytes, examined reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Ca2+ concentration, membrane (MMP), apoptosis, cell cycle. Cellular respiration was further evaluated with Seahorse XFp Analyzer, RT-PCR Western blotting were analyze impact autophagy-related gene expression signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that promotes modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR PINK/PARK2 pathways, which stabilizes quality, maintains MMP balance, reduces cytochrome c release. These relieve cycle arrest prevent apoptosis associated an increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Thus, holds promise effective ingredient applications cosmetic products.

Language: Английский

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