As
a
key
member
of
the
neurotrophin
family
in
central
nervous
system,
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
plays
critical
role
maintenance
and
plasticity
system.
Its
innate
neuroprotective
advantage
can
also
be
shared
with
brain
when
normal
aging-dependent
processes
challenge
neural
circuits.
The
intricate
relationship
between
BDNF
resilience
during
aging
process
signifies
molecular
mechanisms
that
underlie
protection
function,
such
as
cognition,
movement
psychological
well-being.
is
crucial
for
neuronal
growth
survival,
it
promote
against
age-related
functional
decline
frailty,
even
if
fails
to
entirely
prevent
ageing-related
decline.
In
present
review,
we
discuss
function
from
perspective
how
may
aging.
We
emphasize
briefly
principal,
well-known
cellular
hallmarks
restrict
disabling
dynamics
enhance
overall
Insight
into
pathways
through
which
reduces
dysfunctions
and/or
improves
resilience,
provide
foundation
developing
targeted
interventions
mental
well-being
an
population.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(13), P. 7041 - 7041
Published: June 27, 2024
Neuroinflammation,
crucial
in
neurological
disorders
like
Alzheimer's
disease,
multiple
sclerosis,
and
hepatic
encephalopathy,
involves
complex
immune
responses.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
play
a
pivotal
role
intercellular
inter-organ
communication,
influencing
disease
progression.
EVs
serve
as
key
mediators
the
system,
containing
molecules
capable
of
activating
molecular
pathways
that
exacerbate
neuroinflammatory
processes
disorders.
However,
from
mesenchymal
stem
cells
show
promise
reducing
neuroinflammation
cognitive
deficits.
can
cross
CNS
barriers,
peripheral
signals
influence
brain
function
via
EV-mediated
impacting
barrier
Understanding
EV
interactions
within
other
organs
could
unveil
novel
therapeutic
targets
for
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 9, 2025
Mental
disorders
are
complex
conditions
that
encompass
various
symptoms
and
types,
affecting
approximately
1
in
8
people
globally.
They
place
a
significant
burden
on
both
families
society
as
whole.
So
far,
the
etiology
of
mental
remains
poorly
understood,
making
diagnosis
treatment
particularly
challenging.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
nanoscale
particles
produced
by
cells
released
into
extracellular
space.
contain
bioactive
molecules
including
nucleotides,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites,
which
can
mediate
intercellular
communication
involved
physiological
pathological
processes.
Recent
studies
have
shown
EVs
closely
linked
to
like
schizophrenia,
major
depressive
disorder,
bipolar
playing
key
role
their
development,
diagnosis,
prognosis,
treatment.
Therefore,
based
recent
research
findings,
this
paper
aims
describe
roles
summarize
potential
applications
treatment,
providing
new
ideas
for
future
clinical
transformation
application
EVs.
Aging Cell,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
ABSTRACT
Aging
is
a
major
risk
factor
for
cardiovascular
diseases,
and
the
accumulation
of
DNA
damage
significantly
contributes
to
aging
process.
This
study
aimed
identify
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
vascular
in
DNA‐repair‐deficient
progeroid
Ercc1
Δ/−
mice
explore
therapeutic
effect
dietary
restriction
(DR).
RNA
sequencing
analysis
revealed
that
DR
reversed
gene
expression
processes,
including
extracellular
matrix
remodeling,
aorta.
Notably,
this
indicated
presence
macrophage‐like
smooth
muscle
cells
(VSMCs)
suggested
cGAS‐STING
pathway
activation.
The
VSMCs
increased
STING1
were
confirmed
aortic
tissue
both
reduced
by
DR.
In
vitro,
cisplatin‐induced
activated
but
not
wildtype
VSMCs.
These
findings
involvement
damage‐driven
underscore
benefits
aging.
Furthermore,
upstream
regulator
compounds
may
replicate
beneficial
effects
DR,
providing
promising
leads
further
investigation.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 1101 - 1101
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
Obesity,
type
2
diabetes
(T2D),
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
pathologies
that
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide.
They
have
no
effective
therapy
difficult
to
prevent
control
when
they
develop.
It
has
been
known
for
many
years
these
diseases
pathogenic
aspects
in
common.
We
highlight
this
review
neuroglial
cells
(astroglia,
oligodendroglia,
microglia)
play
a
vital
role
the
origin,
clinical-pathological
development,
course
brain
neurodegeneration.
Moreover,
we
include
new
results
T2D-AD
mouse
model
(APP+PS1
mice
on
high-calorie
diet)
investigating.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(22), P. 1834 - 1834
Published: Nov. 6, 2024
Microglia,
the
resident
immune
cells
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
play
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
neural
homeostasis
but
can
also
contribute
to
disease
and
injury
when
this
state
is
disrupted
or
conversely
pivotal
neurorepair.
One
way
that
microglia
exert
their
effects
through
secretion
small
vesicles,
microglia-derived
exosomes
(MGEVs).
Exosomes
facilitate
intercellular
communication
transported
cargoes
proteins,
lipids,
RNA,
other
bioactive
molecules
alter
behavior
internalize
them.
Under
normal
physiological
conditions,
MGEVs
are
essential
homeostasis,
whereas
dysregulation
production
and/or
alterations
have
been
implicated
pathogenesis
numerous
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
spinal
cord
(SCI),
traumatic
brain
(TBI).
In
contrast,
may
offer
therapeutic
potential
by
reversing
inflammation
being
amenable
engineering
for
delivery
beneficial
biologics
drugs.
The
determined
phenotypic
parent
microglia.
from
anti-inflammatory
pro-regenerative
support
neurorepair
cell
survival
delivering
neurotrophic
factors,
mediators,
molecular
chaperones.
Further,
deliver
components
like
mitochondrial
DNA
(mtDNA)
proteins
damaged
neurons
enhance
cellular
metabolism
resilience.
derived
pro-inflammatory
detrimental
on
health.
Their
cargo
often
contains
cytokines,
involved
oxidative
stress,
neurotoxic
which
exacerbate
neuroinflammation,
neuronal
damage,
impair
synaptic
function,
hindering
processes.
neurodegeneration
injury-whether
harmful-largely
depends
how
they
modulate
pro-
factors
cargo,
cytokines
microRNAs.
addition,
propagation
pathological
such
as
amyloid-beta
alpha-synuclein,
progression
disorders
AD
PD,
transfer
apoptotic
necrotic
induce
neuron
toxicity
trigger
glial
scarring
during
neurological
injury.
review,
we
provided
comprehensive
up-to-date
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
multifaceted
disease.
particular,
specific
exosome
various
either
recovery,
will
be
discussed.
has
highlighted
methodologies
employed
cell-selective
targeting.
Understanding
influence
balance
between
signaling
CNS
developing
new
strategies
diseases
neurotrauma.
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
As
a
key
member
of
the
neurotrophin
family
in
central
nervous
system,
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
plays
critical
role
maintenance
and
plasticity
system.
Its
innate
neuroprotective
advantage
can
also
be
shared
with
brain
when
normal
aging-dependent
processes
challenge
neural
circuits.
The
intricate
relationship
between
BDNF
resilience
during
aging
process
signifies
molecular
mechanisms
that
underlie
protection
function,
such
as
cognition,
movement
psychological
well-being.
is
crucial
for
neuronal
growth
survival,
it
promote
against
age-related
functional
decline
frailty,
even
if
fails
to
entirely
prevent
aging-related
decline.
In
present
review,
we
discuss
function
from
perspective
how
may
aging.
We
emphasize
briefly
principal,
well-known
cellular
hallmarks
restrict
disabling
dynamics
enhance
overall
Insight
into
pathways
through
which
reduces
dysfunctions
and/or
improves
resilience,
provides
foundation
developing
targeted
interventions
mental
well-being
an
population.
