Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(2), P. 457 - 471
Published: Nov. 22, 2023
Abstract
Purpose
To
describe
variations
in
ganglion
cell–inner
plexiform
layer
(GCIPL)
thickness
a
healthy
cohort
from
widefield
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
scans.
Methods
Widefield
OCT
scans
spanning
55°
×
45°
were
acquired
470
eyes.
The
GCIPL
was
automatically
segmented
using
deep
learning
methods.
Thickness
measurements
extracted
after
correction
for
warpage
and
retinal
tilt.
Multiple
linear
regression
analysis
applied
to
discern
trends
between
global
age,
axial
length
sex.
further
characterise
age‐related
change,
hierarchical
two‐step
cluster
algorithms
identify
locations
sharing
similar
ageing
properties,
rates
of
change
quantified
analyses
with
data
pooled
by
outcomes.
Results
Declines
increasing
female
sex
observed
(parameter
estimates
−0.053,
−0.436
−0.464,
p
‐values
<0.001,
<0.001
0.02,
respectively).
Cluster
revealed
concentric,
slightly
nasally
displaced,
horseshoe
patterns
the
GCIPL,
up
four
statistically
distinct
clusters
outside
macula.
Linear
significant
decline
across
all
clusters,
faster
at
central
when
expressed
as
absolute
(slope
=
−0.19
centrally
vs.
−0.04
−0.12
peripherally)
percentage
−0.001
−0.0005
peripherally).
Conclusions
Normative
noted,
highlighting
factors
worth
considering
developments.
has
promising
potential
facilitate
quantitative
detection
abnormal
standard
fields
view.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2025
Abstract
Glaucoma
is
characterised
by
progressive
vision
loss
due
to
retinal
ganglion
cell
deterioration,
leading
gradual
visual
field
(VF)
impairment.
The
standard
VF
test
may
be
impractical
in
some
cases,
where
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
can
offer
predictive
insights
into
for
multimodal
diagnoses.
However,
predicting
measures
from
OCT
data
remains
challenging.
To
address
this,
five
regression
models
were
developed
predict
OCT,
Shapley
Additive
exPlanations
(SHAP)
analysis
was
performed
interpretability,
and
a
clinical
software
tool
called
Predictor
developed.
evaluate
the
models,
total
of
268
glaucomatous
eyes
(86
early,
72
moderate,
110
advanced)
226
normal
included.
machine
learning
outperformed
recent
OCT-based
prediction
deep
studies,
with
correlation
coefficients
0.76,
0.80
0.76
mean
deviation,
index
pattern
respectively.
Introducing
pointwise
normalisation
step-size
concept,
absolute
error
2.51
dB
obtained
sensitivity
prediction,
grayscale
model
yielded
structural
similarity
77%.
SHAP-based
provided
critical
most
relevant
features
glaucoma
diagnosis,
showing
promise
assisting
eye
care
practitioners
through
an
explainable
AI
tool.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Abstract
Glaucoma
poses
a
growing
health
challenge
projected
to
escalate
in
the
coming
decades.
However,
current
automated
diagnostic
approaches
on
diagnosis
solely
rely
black-box
deep
learning
models,
lacking
explainability
and
trustworthiness.
To
address
issue,
this
study
uses
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
images
develop
an
explainable
artificial
intelligence
(XAI)
tool
for
diagnosing
staging
glaucoma,
with
focus
its
clinical
applicability.
A
total
of
334
normal
268
glaucomatous
eyes
(86
early,
72
moderate,
110
advanced)
were
included,
signal
processing
theory
was
employed,
model
interpretability
rigorously
evaluated.
Leveraging
SHapley
Additive
exPlanations
(SHAP)-based
global
feature
ranking
partial
dependency
analysis
(PDA)
estimated
decision
boundary
cut-offs
machine
(ML)
novel
algorithm
developed
implement
XAI
tool.
Using
selected
features,
ML
models
produce
AUC
0.96
(95%
CI:
0.95–0.98),
0.98
0.96–1.00)
1.00
1.00–1.00)
respectively
differentiating
moderate
advanced
glaucoma
patients.
Overall,
outperformed
clinicians
early
stage
overall
10.4
–11.2%
higher
accuracy.
The
user-friendly
software
shows
potential
as
valuable
eye
care
practitioners,
offering
transparent
interpretable
insights
improve
decision-making.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
65(2), P. 2 - 2
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Purpose:
Diagnosing
AMD
early
optimizes
clinical
management.
However,
current
diagnostic
accuracy
is
limited
by
the
subjectivity
of
qualitative
measures
used
in
practice.
This
study
tests
if
RPE
curvature
could
be
an
accurate,
quantitative
measure
for
diagnosis.
Methods:
Consecutive
patients
without
or
normal
aging
changes
(n
=
111),
with
107),
102)
and
intermediate
114)
were
recruited.
was
calculated
based
on
sinuosity
method
measuring
river
environmental
science.
Bruch's
membrane
manually
segmented
from
optical
coherence
tomography
B-scans
then
their
lengths
automatically
extracted
using
customized
MATLAB
code.
as
a
ratio
to
length.
Diagnostic
determined
area
under
receiver
operator
characteristic
curve
(aROC).
Results:
foveal
distinguish
any
eyes
(early
intermediate)
those
(non-AMD
changes)
acceptable
(aROC
0.775).
Similarly,
identify
all
other
groups
0.871)
between
0.737).
significantly
associated
known
lesions:
reticular
pseudodrusen
(P
<
0.0001)
drusen
volume
0.0001),
but
not
physiological
variables
such
age,
sex,
ethnicity.
Conclusions:
simple,
robust,
biomarker
that
amenable
automation
enhance
screening
AMD.
American Journal of Ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
230, P. 48 - 59
Published: May 2, 2021
To
assess
the
viability,
in
terms
of
time
taken
for
testing
and
repeatability,
frontloading
(performing
multiple
perimetric
examinations)
a
single
clinic
visit.Reliability
enhancement
analysis.A
total
329
healthy
glaucoma
suspect
subjects
within
undergoing
using
SITA-Faster
twice
each
eye
same
session
were
included.
Global
indices,
pointwise
sensitivity
probability
scores,
test
duration,
reliability
metrics
analysed.For
both
tests
9.1%
right
6.7%
left
results
unreliable,
with
58.4%
67.5%
eyes
achieving
reliable
results,
respectively;
83.8%
all
spent
less
than
20
minutes
performing
tests.
Differences
global
scores
showed
no
systematic
or
clinically
significant
difference
between
one
two
eye.
There
was
also
number
locations
identified
as
defective
at
P
<
.05
level
Test
that
unreliable
tended
to
show
more
instances
failed
"cluster"
criterion
not
repeatable.Frontloading
viable
obtaining
sets
reliable,
repeatable
data
conventional
outputs,
overcoming
practical
issues
regarding
low
singleton
confirmation
visual
field
defects.
Despite
need
remain
cognisant
SITA-Faster,
this
algorithm
may
be
method
meeting
recommendations
required
make
confident
inferences
about
state
progression.
Clinical and Experimental Optometry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
107(5), P. 482 - 498
Published: March 7, 2024
Clinical
imaging
provided
by
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
and
its
variant,
OCT-angiography
(OCT-A),
has
revolutionised
eyecare
practice.
The
techniques
allow
for
the
identification
quantification
of
ocular
structures,
supporting
diagnosis
prognosis
eye
disease.
In
this
review,
an
overview
usefulness
OCT-A
in
management
a
range
conditions
is
when
used
isolation
or
combination
with
other
modalities
measures
visual
function
(visual
field
results).
capacity
to
identify
quantify
vasculature
non-invasively,
thereby
assisting
clinician
determine
efficacy
intervention
impacting
retinal
vasculature.
Thus,
additional
clinically
useful
information
can
be
obtained
diseases
involving
such
as
those
vessel
occlusion,
diabetic
retinopathy,
inherited
dystrophy,
age-related
macular
degeneration,
choroidal
neovascularisation
optic
nerve
disorders.
Through
clinical
case
series,
various
are
reviewed,
impact
discussed.
Although
great
promise
already
management,
there
lack
set
standards
characterise
altered
vascular
features
disease
consequently
prognostication,
primarily
due
large-scale
trials
variability
algorithms
generating
quantitative
parameters.
Translational Vision Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 20 - 20
Published: Feb. 10, 2022
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
the
impact
two
conventional
reliability
criteria
(false
positives
[FPs]
and
seeding
point
errors
[SPEs])
concurrent
effect
low
sensitivity
points
(≤19
dB)
on
intrasession
SITA-Faster
visual
field
(VF)
result
correlations.There
were
2320
VF
results
from
1160
eyes
healthy,
glaucoma
suspects,
subjects
with
that
separated
into
"both
reliable"
or
"reliable-unreliable"
pairs.
(mean
deviation
pointwise
sensitivity)
analyzed
against
spectrum
FP
rates
SPE,
without
censorship
≤19
dB.
Segmental
linear
regression
used
identify
critical
where
significantly
different
between
tests
due
levels.There
a
significant,
but
small
(0.09
dB
per
1%
exceeding
12%)
increase
in
mean
deviation,
an
number
showing
>3
(0.25-0.28
locations
12%).
SPEs
almost
exclusively
related
decrease
at
primary
did
not
significant
differences
other
indices.
Censoring
improved
correlation
reliable
unreliable
results.Current
for
judging
(FP
rate
>15%
SPE)
can
lead
data
being
erroneously
excluded,
as
many
do
show
compared
those
deemed
"reliable."
improves
correlations
results.We
provide
guidelines
assessing
FP,
interpretation.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
62(4), P. 2 - 2
Published: April 1, 2021
To
examine
location-specific
retinal
vascular
changes
in
intermediate
age-related
macular
degeneration
(iAMD)
using
age-matched,
high-density
en
face
optical
coherence
tomography
angiography
(OCTA)
cluster
analysis.En
OCTA
images
of
the
6
×
mm
area
were
retrospectively
acquired
from
60
iAMD
eyes
and
age-matched
normal
then
subdivided
into
126
(47.62
47.62
µm)
grids
within
superficial
deep
complex.
Grid-wise
vessel
perfusion
(VP)
compared
between
corresponding
10-yearly
age
cohort,
forming
difference
plots.
Difference
plots
further
separated
by
normative
topographical
map
spatial
clusters
(C1-6),
derived
normaldatabase
(n
=
236,
20-81
years
old).Overall
showed
decreased
VP
(-12.19%)
complex
(-6.44%)
to
(P
<
0.0001
both
comparisons).
Cluster-based
highlighted
nonuniform
complex,
with
sparing
at
nasal
macula
(corresponding
radial
peripapillary
capillary
plexus)
versus
toward
temporal
foveal
avascular
zone
(FAZ)
(C1-6
all
comparisons
P
0.0001,
except
C1
vs.
C2P
>
0.99
C4
C5P
0.11).
The
displayed
diffusely
VP,
greater
FAZ
0.0001).High-density
analysis
suggests
relative
plexus
impairment
underlying
vasculature,
supporting
potential
anterograde
transsynaptic
iAMD.
These
data
may
better
guide
future
diagnostic
management
protocol