Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
28(2), P. 63 - 121
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
Nanoplastics
(NPs),
defined
as
plastic
particles
with
dimensions
less
than
100
nm,
have
emerged
a
persistent
environmental
contaminant
potential
risk
to
both
environment
and
human
health.
might
translocate
across
biological
barriers
accumulate
in
vital
organs,
leading
inflammatory
responses,
oxidative
stress,
genotoxicity,
already
reported
several
organisms.
Disruptions
cellular
functions,
hormonal
balance,
immune
responses
were
also
linked
NPs
exposure
vitro
assays.
Further,
been
found
adsorb
other
pollutants,
such
organic
pollutants
(POPs),
leach
additives
potentially
amplifying
their
advere
impacts,
increasing
the
threat
organisms
greater
alone.
However,
toxic
effects
remain
largely
unexplored,
requiring
further
research
elucidate
risks
health,
especially
accumulation,
degradation,
migration,
interactions
systems
long-term
consequences
of
chronic
these
compounds.
This
review
provides
an
overview
current
state-of-art
regarding
mechanisms
toxicity
within
cells.
Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
386(6720)
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Twenty
years
after
the
first
publication
that
used
term
microplastic,
we
review
current
understanding,
refine
definitions,
and
consider
future
prospects.
Microplastics
arise
from
multiple
sources,
including
tires,
textiles,
cosmetics,
paint,
fragmentation
of
larger
items.
They
are
widely
distributed
throughout
natural
environment,
with
evidence
harm
at
levels
biological
organization.
pervasive
in
food
drink
have
been
detected
human
body,
emerging
negative
effects.
Environmental
contamination
could
double
by
2040,
wide-scale
has
predicted.
Public
concern
is
increasing,
diverse
measures
to
address
microplastic
pollution
being
considered
international
negotiations.
Clear
on
efficacy
potential
solutions
now
needed
issue
minimize
risks
unintended
consequences.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 39
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Terrestrial
and
aquatic
ecosystems
face
various
chemicals
that
might
induce
acute
and/or
long-term
harm.
To
assess
these
impacts,
ecotoxicological
bioassays
are
essential.
However,
using
animals,
particularly
mammals,
costly,
time-consuming,
raise
ethical
concerns.
In
this
context,
terrestrial
plants
emerge
as
a
viable
alternative
to
conventional
assays.
Thus,
the
aim
of
review
was
address
history
evolution
plant
bioassays,
highlighting
main
regulations,
guidelines,
protocols
governing
use
in
tests.
Initially,
were
employed
cytogenotoxic
effects
chemicals,
gaining
prominence
with
GENE-TOX
program
80s.
Subsequently,
used
allelopathy
studies
aimed
examine
ecotoxicity
pesticides
soil.
Currently,
regulated
by
specific
standards,
such
ASTM
E1963–22,
EPA
600/3–88/029,
EPS
1/RM/45,
ISO
11269-1,
11269-2,
17126,
18763,
29200,
22030,
OECD-208,
OECD-227,
OCSPP
850.4100,
850.4230,
850.4800
OPPTS
850.4200.
The
existing
standardize
greenhouse
lab
environments,
duration
tests
varies
from
hours
months.
parameters
be
analyzed
after
exposure
include
germination
percentage,
survival
rate,
root
length,
aerial
part
fresh
mass
exposed
plants,
phytotoxicity
symptoms.
addition,
absorption
rate
substances
genotoxic
mutagenic
also
assessed.
Therefore,
data
demonstrate
represent
an
important
tool
analysis
environmental
risks
associated
serve
crucial
allies
modern
ecotoxicology.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
291, P. 117855 - 117855
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
The
concurrent
presence
of
algal
blooms
and
microplastics
pollution
in
natural
water
bodies
poses
a
novel
threat.
However,
the
joint
effects
microcystin-LR
(MCLR)
combination
with
polystyrene
(PSMPs)
on
thyroid
endocrine
system
adult
fish
remains
unclear.
In
our
study,
male
zebrafish
(Danio
rerio)
were
exposed
to
environmentally
relevant
concentrations
MCLR
alone
(0,
0.8,
4,
20
μg/L)
mix
PSMPs
(100
for
60
days.
Alterations
brain
histology,
hormone
(TH)
levels,
transcription
levels
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
(HPT)-axis
genes
used
assess
function.
MCLR-only
treatment
groups,
we
observed
mild
tissue
damage
characterized
by
glial
scarring
hyperemia.
exacerbated
cause
MCLR,
resulting
more
pronounced
ventriculomegaly
No
significant
changes
whole-body
thyroxine
(T4)
triiodothyronine
(T3)
while
decrease
was
noted
groups
co-exposed
PSMPs.
Additionally,
alterations
crh,
tshβ,
ttr,
trα,
trβ
expression
combined
exposure
provided
further
confirmation
that
jointly
disruption.
Our
findings
suggest
can
trigger
compensatory
mechanism
maintain
homeostasis
response
MCLR.
disrupts
this
self-regulatory
equilibrium,
thereby
exacerbates
disruption
zebrafish.
Processes,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 502 - 502
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
The
presence
of
microplastics
in
the
environment
has
increased
due
to
anthropogenic
activities;
it
is
estimated
that
15
million
kilograms
plastic
waste
accumulate
ocean
annually.
Pollution
permeates
every
inch
from
food
chain
water
bottles
floating
on
surface.
This
monolith
pollution
made
up
all
kinds
marine
debris
and
contains
1.8
trillion
pieces
plastic,
covering
an
area
twice
size
Texas.
objective
this
review
show
advances
study
emerging
problems,
specifically
soil
their
potential
effects
health.
In
addition,
have
synergy
with
residual
contaminants
exist
such
as
textile
waste,
organic
matter,
pathogens,
etc.
causes
damage
aquatic
organisms
makes
nutrient
transfer
more
complex
many
these
species.
There
a
report
estimates
liabilities
related
will
cost
industry
100,000
dollars
lawsuits
for
damages
losses,
which
20,000
occur
United
States.
can
generate
indicators
current
effect
public
policies
try
control
growth
pollutant
environment.
It
important
discuss
routes
generation
microplastics,
distribution,
cosmetics
involved
fast
fashion
glitter
evaluate
physical,
chemical,
biological,
toxicological
environment,
proposing
path
future
be
followed
regarding
research
topic.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 109421 - 109421
Published: March 1, 2025
The
environmental
fragmentation
of
plastics
generates
a
mixture
plastic
particles
various
sizes,
which
frequently
co-occur
with
other
mobile
and
persistent
pollutants.
Despite
the
prevalence
such
scenarios,
interaction
between
micro-
nanoplastics
(MNPs)
their
combined
effects
pollutants,
as
highly
toxic
hexavalent
chromium
(Cr(VI)),
remain
almost
entirely
unexplored
in
mammalian
species.
This
study
demonstrated
that
nanoplastic
microplastic
co-aggregate
together
influence
Cr
bioaccumulation
patterns
related
physiological
alterations
rats.
Following
four-week
repeated
intragastric
exposure
Wistar
rats
to
MNPs
Cr(VI),
either
alone
or
combination,
significantly
enhanced
liver,
heart,
brain,
skin.
Under
co-exposure
conditions,
Cr(VI)
was
primary
driver
cellular
observed
blood,
including
shifts
immune
cell
subpopulations
(e.g.,
neutrophils,
lymphocytes)
red
blood
indices,
while
serum
biochemistry
reflected
limited
stress.
per
se
decreased
creatine
kinase
activity
increased
cholesterol
levels.
In
summary,
polystyrene
increase
distribution
bioavailability,
but
does
not
uniformly
exacerbate
toxicity.
Instead,
may
selectively
alter
responses,
emphasizing
need
for
deeper
understanding
potential
health
risks.
