Design and Nanoengineering of Photoactive Antimicrobials for Bioapplications: from Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(38)

Published: April 23, 2024

Abstract Currently, microbial infections have posed an arduous challenge to global public health, whereas the rise of antibiotic resistance is rendering traditional therapies futile, prompting development new antimicrobial technologies. Photoactive nanomaterials thus garnered a thriving interest for disinfection owing their superior antibacterial efficaciousness, favorable biosafety, and rapidness spatiotemporal precision in excreting bactericidal actions. The review summarizes recent advances emerging trends design, nanoengineering, bioapplications photoactive antimicrobials. It commences by elaborating fundamental theories on bacterial resistance, mechanisms phototherapy. Subsequently, regulation effectiveness comprehensively discussed, centering criteria strategies tuning photoabsorption spectra, photothermal conversion, photocatalytic efficiency, alongside tactics enabling synergistic therapies. This followed comparative analyses techniques modalities synthesizing engineering with diverse structures, forms, functionalities. Thereafter, state‐of‐the‐art applications phototherapies across various medical sectors are portrayed, key challenges opportunities finally discussed spur future innovations translation. envisaged provide useful guidance devising developing nanomaterials‐based photoresponsive antimicrobials application‐specific materials properties biological functions.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term risk of herpes zoster following COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study of 2 442 686 patients

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract The long‐term risk of herpes zoster (HZ) after recovery from a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is unclear. This retrospective cohort study assessed the HZ in patients following COVID‐19 diagnosis. retrospective, propensity score‐matched was based on multi‐institutional research network TriNetX. incident with compared that those not infected during 1‐year follow‐up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) its subtypes were calculated. identified 1 221 343 without diagnoses matched baseline characteristics. During period, had higher (HR: 1.59; CI: 1.49–1.69). In addition, control group patients, ophthalmicus 1.31; 1.01–1.71), disseminated 2.80; 1.37–5.74), other complications 1.46; 1.18–1.79), 1.66; 1.55–1.77). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis (log‐rank p < 0.05) results indicated remained significantly COVID‐19. Finally, non‐COVID‐19 consistent across subgroup analyses regardless vaccine status, age, or sex. within 12‐month period who recovered group. result highlights importance carefully monitoring this population suggests potential benefit for

Language: Английский

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Impact of Paxlovid on in-hospital outcomes and post-COVID-19 condition in adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial

Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(51), P. e36714 - e36714

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) have been used in the treatment of adult patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate impact Paxlovid on in-hospital outcomes and post-COVID-19 condition Chinese infected severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant.This non-randomized clinical controlled trial recruited SARS-CoV-2 variant from designated hospital for treating COVID-19 between November 5 28, 2022, Shijiazhuang, China. Participants were administered (300 mg nirmatrelvir 100 orally) or standard treatment. The primary outcome was nucleic acid shedding time condition.A total 320 included, mean age 29.10 ± 7.34 years old. Two hundred received Paxlovid. Compared group, those group had a significantly shorter (3.26 1.80 vs 7.75 3.68 days, P < .001), days until negative swab test (1.74 1.15 5.33 2.91, first symptoms resolution (4.86 1.62 7.45 2.63, higher rate within 3 [138 (70.77%) 14 (11.67%), .001], [174 (89.23%) 26 (21.67%), 7 [185 (94.87%) 78 (65.00%), less likely [32 (18.60%) 30 (31.57%), = .016]. There no significant difference duration (43.00 26.00 49.00 26.34 .354) groups.Compared treatment, reduced time, test, resolution, as well improved condition.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir for post‐acute COVID‐19 sequelae beyond 3 months of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

The effect of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV-r) on post-acute COVID-19 sequelae beyond 3 months SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX Research Network. We identified nonhospitalized adult patients with receiving a diagnosis between January 1 and July 31, 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to create two matched cohorts: NMV-r non-NMV-r groups, respectively. measured primary outcomes using composite all-cause emergency room (ER) visits or hospitalization post-COVID-19 symptoms according WHO Delphi consensus, which also stated that post condition occurs usually onset COVID-19, during follow-up period 90 days after index end (180 days). Initially, we 12 247 received within 5 465 135 did not. After PSM, 245 remained in each group. During period, treated had lower risk ER compared untreated (659 vs. 955; odds ratio [OR], 0.672; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.607-0.745; p < 0.0001). However, overall not significantly differ groups (2265 2187; OR, 1.043; CI, 0.978-1.114; = 0.2021). reduced group similarities were consistent subgroups stratified by sex, age, vaccination status. Early treatment associated 90-180 no treatment; however, mortality groups.

Language: Английский

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Short- and Long-Term Chest-CT Findings after Recovery from COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 621 - 621

Published: March 14, 2024

While ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and fibrosis in the lungs are some of hallmarks acute SAR-CoV-2 infection, it remains unclear whether these pulmonary radiological findings would resolve after symptoms have subsided. We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis to evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities stratified by COVID-19 disease severity multiple timepoints post-infection. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for relevant articles until 23 May 2023. Studies with COVID-19-recovered patients follow-up CT at least 12 months post-infection were included. evaluated short-term (1–6 months) long-term (12–24 follow-ups (severe non-severe). A generalized linear mixed-effects model random effects used estimate event rates findings. total 2517 studies identified, which 43 met inclusion (N = 8858 patients). Fibrotic-like changes had highest rate (0.44 [0.3–0.59]) (0.38 [0.23–0.56]) follow-ups. meta-regression showed that over time decreased any abnormality (β −0.137, p 0.002), opacities −0.169, < 0.001), increased honeycombing 0.075, 0.03), did not change fibrotic-like changes, bronchiectasis, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening (p > 0.05 all). The severe subgroup significantly higher bronchiectasis 0.02), reticulation 0.001) when compared non-severe subgroup. In conclusion, significant remained up 2 years post-COVID-19, especially disease. Long-lasting post-SARS-CoV-2 infection signal future public health concern, necessitating extended monitoring, rehabilitation, survivor support, vaccination, ongoing research targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

npj Science of Food, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between olfactory dysfunction and mood disturbances with objective and subjective cognitive deficits in long-COVID

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Background and purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with olfactory dysfunction. persistent symptoms of anosmia or hyposmia were in previous studies the development memory impairment mood disturbances. We aimed to investigate association between chronicity reported dysfunction subjective objective cognitive performance long-COVID patients explore whether their emotional are related cognition. Methods One hundred twenty-eight participants recruited. Reported symptomatology, complaints, anxiety depression trait-anxiety assessed. Subjective complaints disturbances compared among groups as an acute (AOD), (POD), nonexistent (NOD) symptom. Seventy-six volunteers also participated a face-to-face session assess on tests general function verbal declarative memory. Objective AOD, POD, NOD groups. Results similar groups, but score was lower than those no at any time. Participants’ positively symptoms. relationship depressive symptomatology interacted dysfunction, it only occurred without Depressive negatively delayed performance. months elapsed from diagnosis assessment predicted Anxious immediate ability recall information who did not present phase infection. Conclusion Olfactory infection by COVID-19 is deficits tests, self-reported These findings may contribute further understanding neuropsychological aspects long-COVID.

Language: Английский

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Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2239 - 2239

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

The global action against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, shed light on endothelial dysfunction. Although primarily affects the pulmonary system, multiple studies have documented pan-vascular involvement in COVID-19. virus is able to penetrate barrier, damaging it directly or indirectly and causing endotheliitis multi-organ injury. Several mechanisms cooperate development of dysfunction, including cell injury pyroptosis, hyperinflammation cytokine storm syndrome, oxidative stress reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, thrombosis. After acute-phase some patients reported signs symptoms a systemic disorder known as long COVID, which broad range cardiovascular (CV) disorders emerged. To date, exact pathophysiology COVID remains unclear: addition persistence infection mechanisms, specific pathways CV damage been postulated, such persistent viral reservoirs heart an autoimmune response cardiac antigens through molecular mimicry. aim this review provide overview main patterns enduring activation following offer latest summary complications COVID.

Language: Английский

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Renin-Angiotensin System and Sex Differences in COVID-19: A Critical Assessment

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 132(10), P. 1320 - 1337

Published: May 11, 2023

The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause death and potentially contributed to a decline life expectancy United States. severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 binds surface-bound peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, EC 3.4.17.23) tissue infection viral replication. ACE2 is important enzymatic component renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expressed lung other organs. regulates levels peptide hormones Ang II Ang-(1–7), which have distinct opposing actions one another, as well cardiovascular peptides. A potential consequence reduced activity by internalization viral-ACE2 complex subsequent activation RAS (higher ratio II:Ang-[1–7]) may exacerbate inflammatory events COVID-19 patients possibly contribute effects long COVID-19. Moreover, present with array autoantibodies various components including II, ACE2, AT 1 Mas receptors. Greater severity also evident male patients, reflect underlying sex differences regulation functional arms RAS. review provides critical evaluation evidence for activated subjects whether this contributes greater males compared females.

Language: Английский

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Mixed Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Infections in Patients with COVID-19: Case Series and Literature Review

Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 189(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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