Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 16, 2024

Preclinical evidence has firmly established a bidirectional interaction among the lung, gut, and gut microbiome. There are many complex communication pathways between lung intestine, which affect each other's balance. Some metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, immune cells, factors enter tissue through blood circulation participate in function. Altered gut-lung-microbiome interactions have been identified rodent models humans of several diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive disease, cancer, asthma, etc. Emerging suggests that microbial therapies can prevent treat respiratory diseases, but it is unclear whether this association simple correlation with pathological mechanisms disease or result causation. In review, we summarize critical link microbiota well influence mechanism on discuss role interventions prebiotics fecal bacteria transplantation diseases. To provide reference for rational design large-scale clinical studies, direct application therapy to respiratory-related reduce incidence severity accompanying complications.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Anemia in COPD: Insights from Chest CT and Longitudinal Clinical Data

Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108046 - 108046

Published: March 1, 2025

Although anemia has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity, the underlying risk factors, such as chest imaging indicators, remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate relationship between and clinical features, including extrapulmonary indicators on computed tomography (CT), clarify pathophysiology of in COPD. A total 400 patients COPD were prospectively followed for 3 years. Anemia was defined hemoglobin <13 g/dl males <12 females. Patients categorized into non-anemia groups, their characteristics compared. The group exhibited lower percentage predicted forced expiratory volume 1 second (%FEV1) body mass index (BMI) measurements, worse assessment test (CAT) scores, more frequent exacerbations. Imaging revealed severe emphysema, cross-sectional areas pectoralis erector spinae muscles, decreased subcutaneous fat, coronary artery calcification group. Additionally, echocardiography demonstrated a higher prevalence hypertension reduced left ventricular ejection fraction anemia. Three-year longitudinal data analysis further showed that declining levels correlated worsening nutritional status, deterioration bone mineral density (BMD), an increase CAT scores. is multifactorial comorbidity resulting fat muscle mass, BMD.

Language: Английский

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Biological pathways and mechanisms linking COPD and cardiovascular disease

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 1, 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still poses a significant risk for morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD). For long time, among functional parameters, only the forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV1) has been considered as predictive of cardiovascular (CV) especially elderly fact, there is evidence that reductions lung function indices can increase ischaemic heart diseases cerebrovascular diseases, independently from other factors. Now, considerable suggesting hypoxemia, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress hyperinflation may lead to an early sub-clinical CV involvement affected by COPD. Ageing itself impacts specific aspects system, including reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness, increased vagal tone myocardial vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, diminished arterial baroreflex compromised diastolic function. The complex involved interactions include ageing mechanisms well multiple known unknown (e.g. genetic) CVDs are leading causes individuals impaired two entities commonly coexist poor outcomes experiencing both conditions. However, precise responsible this association remain largely unknown. In narrative review, we summarize current knowledge regarding co-occurrence COPD CVD focusing on shared biological pathways these

Language: Английский

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COPD is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independent of phenotype

Respirology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 1047 - 1057

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Background and Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide that frequently presents with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Despite the pathological distinction between individual COPD phenotypes such as emphysema chronic bronchitis, there lack knowledge about impact phenotype on risk. Thus, this study aimed to utilize nationally representative sample investigate prevalence in patients bronchitis phenotypes. Methods Data from 31,560 adults including 2504 individuals COPD, collected part National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018), were examined. Results A significantly increased risk, coronary heart disease, failure, myocardial infarction stroke, was identified among all Particularly, compared those without presented 1.76 (95% CI: 1.41–2.20) times greater odds, 2.31 1.80–2.96) while concurrent (combined emphysema) exhibited 2.98 2.11–4.21) odds reporting Conclusion Our data confirms present an elevated risk developing phenotypes, most marked increase being These findings emphasize need for awareness appropriate screening COPD. image

Language: Английский

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Perspective article: determinants and assessment of cardiovascular risk in steatotic liver disease owing to metabolic dysfunction-addressing the challenge

Metabolism and Target Organ Damage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: June 26, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) stands as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality among MASLD patients. The diverse spectrum cardio-nephro-metabolic and vascular manifestations inherent in highlights complex profile CVD associated with this condition. However, current approaches to assessing lack specificity, predominantly relying on traditional markers. Although it widely accepted that patients advanced fibrosis are more prone risk, recent evidence suggests isolated focus may overlook remarkable phenotypic variability across entire population. Emerging data indicate a progressive escalation parallel severity MASLD, highlighting need precise staging inform accurate assessment. To address challenge, we propose novel sequential approach assessment MASLD. While factors remain essential, incorporating liver-specific parameters enhances stratification guides targeted interventions mitigate substantial burden vulnerable This involves initial screening using FIB-4 NAFLD score, followed by imaging-based non-invasive techniques individuals at intermediate-high fat quantification low-risk individuals. Future prospective investigations should simultaneous use biomarkers imaging modalities evaluate, sex-specific manner, efficacy proposed determine optimal thresholds steatosis

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 5173 - 5173

Published: Aug. 31, 2024

: A comprehensive and up-to-date review on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with COPD is needed. Therefore, we aimed to systematically the of a range CVD COPD.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Role of Oxygen Pulse Variability in Endurance Exercise Training in Individuals with COPD: A Novel Approach to Response of Oxygen Pulse and Quality of Life in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

International Journal of COPD, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 43 - 56

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, airflow limitation, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and exercise intolerance. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) essential for COPD management, but outcomes may be influenced individual physiological factors. Cardiopulmonary testing (CPET) measures oxygen pulse (O2P), an indicator stroke volume, yet the impact baseline O2P on PR effectiveness remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective study included 97 participants with who had received PR, whom 48 were classified as Group 1 (normal O2P) 49 2 (low O2P). involved 12 weeks hospital-based endurance training a bike, performed twice week. Participants assessed before after using spirometry, respiratory muscle strength measurements, CPET, HRQL evaluation St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: significantly improved capacity (peak work rate consumption), dyspnea score, all domains SGRQ, maximum expiratory pressure, ventilatory equivalent, rate, mean blood pressure at rest in both groups (p < 0.05). However, improvements O2P, maximal inspiratory tidal volume observed only not 1. Conclusion: improves capacity, specific function COPD, regardless levels. Individuals lower experience more benefits from including significant increase O2P. Keywords: disease, Oxygen pulse,

Language: Английский

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Update zu COPD und kardiovaskulären Ereignissen

DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 150(06), P. 298 - 302

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), with up 70% of COPD patients experiencing comorbidities. The coexistence and CVD significantly increases hospitalization rates, symptom burden, mortality, particularly during acute exacerbations (AECOPD), which impose an increased risk events - both shortly after these episodes. Mechanistic links between include systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hypoxemia, all contribute the progression conditions.Current management guidelines stress importance early screening factor control for comorbidities in patients. Different therapies can affect outcomes distinct ways. Recent research suggests that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), either alone or as part triple therapy (long-acting muscarinic antagonist [LAMA], long-acting beta-agonist [LABA], ICS), may help reduce mortality morbidity, those at higher risk. Furthermore, beta-blockers statins have shown potential benefits CVD, although their exact role not entirely clear. Newer antidiabetic agents, such SGLT-2 inhibitors, also demonstrated promise reducing exacerbation rates.This review emphasizes need integrated care approach, highlighting personalized, guideline-driven enhance quality life clinical

Language: Английский

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Thrombin generation indices and Wells score predict pulmonary embolism in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Clinics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 100582 - 100582

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Disproportionately raised risk of adverse outcomes in patients with COPD and comorbid type 2 diabetes or depression: Swedish register-based cohort study

Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

We aimed to examine if patients with COPD and comorbid type 2 diabetes, or depression anxiety, had disproportionally raised excess risks of subsequent cardiovascular disease mortality. This general population-based cohort study used data from Swedish national registers, follow-up during 2005-2018. Cox regression estimated mortality, producing hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals). Interaction testing quantified increased risks. Among 5,624,306 individuals, 332,549 a diagnosis. Compared individuals who did not have all-cause mortality risk was higher for either HR 2.68 (2.66-2.69) 1.70 (1.69-1.71), respectively. Having both conditions produced an 3.72 (3.68-3.76). outcomes, the highest were found chronic heart failure: only, 2.87 (2.84-2.90); diabetes 1.86 (1.84-1.88); both, 4.55 (4.46-4.64). associated than expected sum individual diseases, except cerebrovascular ischemic disease. For depression/anxiety, 2.74 (2.72-2.76); depression/anxiety 2.39 (2.38-2.40); 4.72 (4.68-4.75). Chronic failure (2.71-2.78); 1.31 (1.30-1.32); 3.45 (3.40-3.50). combination expected, atrial fibrillation. Type in It is important clinicians be aware these greater risks, prevent further morbidity

Language: Английский

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