Preventive Interventions for Internet Addiction in Young Children: A Systematic Review. (Preprint)

JMIR Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e56896 - e56896

Published: July 12, 2024

In this digital age, children typically start using the internet in early childhood. Studies highlighted that young are vulnerable to addiction due personal limitations and social influence (eg, family school). Internet can have long-term harmful effects on children's health well-being. The high risk of for populations like has raised questions about how best prevent problem.

Language: Английский

---

Reflections on the meaning of “digital” in research on adolescents' digital lives

Journal of Adolescence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 886 - 891

Published: April 4, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a step change in society's reliance on digital infrastructure for information, education, work, commerce, entertainment, and communication. More than ever before, especially but not only wealthy countries, adolescents are exploring expressing their identity autonomy, including risky as well creative constructive opportunities. Born into an already-digital world, present future imaginaries presume thorough-going engagement with technology that transcends real/virtual online/offline binaries. By contrast older generations (including parents, teachers, even researchers), cannot envisage return to pre-digital times through any serious limitation of engagement. But, also by many adults, they can imagine alternative futures, often keen discuss how technologies could be redesigned or newly regulated ways would better support well-being rights age. As society increasingly pivots towards all things recognizing the global companies providing products services becoming hugely powerful both public private sectors, governments making greater efforts regulate activities harness impacts betterment society. These include turning psychological social science evidence guidance, listening voices those who have needs mind. In commenting 11 articles selected this special issue Journal Adolescence adolescents' lives, I reflect findings inform these and, relatedly, significant research gaps usefully address. Let us begin welcoming which effectively advances beyond popular treatment unitary homogenous category—often implicit celebration "digital natives" anxieties about "screen time"—insofar it explores differences among adolescents, vulnerability. distinguishes, instance, more less lonely explore whether going online supports at emotional regulation (Scott et al., 2023), sensitivity behavioral avoidance inhibition is risk factor problematic gaming (Bradt 2023). Contextual factors differentiate potentially rendering some vulnerable others, shown Menabò al. (2023), reveal importance peer network school connectedness mediating effect cyberbullying well-being. There work done regarding For example, my colleagues recently conducted systematic review relating experiences adolescent mental health, identifying multiple conceptualizing experiences; yet, literature concerned clinical populations, was possible clearly identify disorder-specific practices (Kostyrka-Allchorne 2022). Although encompasses insights health well-being, further understanding nature environment needed. My contention technological specificity will enhance knowledge obtained from lives age impact policies shaping provision, regulation, design infrastructure. This disavow other agendas emerging issue, simply highlight one direction travel reap dividends lives. Hence, invite adolescence transcend common lack "the digital," along tendency variously refer technologies, devices, media, screen ICT (information communication technology) if different terms synonymous. Instead, let examine potential significance features design, ownership, norms values, cultures use. It valuable question its own right ask, researchers were thoroughly aspects environment—as likely when researching interaction (family structures, forms friendship, types school, etc.)—would answers insightful whom? Certainly, themselves make finest nuances services, fascinated constantly innovating affordances. When interviewed media use, may first check platform being asked about. If why matters, specific risks new privacy latest data hack news comment platforms changed over time (for explaining left Facebook miss Twitter embraced TikTok). Questions receive puzzled frown until researcher names particular game asks young person describe chosen favourites. interviewer told very terminology used phrase confusing, should ask separately family friends alone, home purpose mood another. References layers meaning, device itself object brand, apps installed various settings, networks people thereby connected technologically socially, genres content characterize tastes preferences, commercial data-driven business models become subject, soft hard regulatory regimes frame limit possibilities, cultural moral according decisions. So, questions such as, do you feel go online, investigate use what exactly stake? comparing digitally mediated non-digitally experiences, discover difference makes, we really like grasping mutual dynamics interdependencies? And, prefacing key concepts "digital," resilience changes concept signaling, understand each so doing? While operates generalities—adolescents, families, development, forth, purposes, attention materiality, matter. our recent rapid families' parental control tools, part mediation strategy, found studies showed beneficial outcomes using controls (e.g., children's safety), adverse increased parent−child conflict), mixed no (Stoilova Because developed theory mediation, conclusions drawn bring benefits enabling approach recognizes child agency voice. But because same community has agreed controls, tending phenomenon term phenomena (Altarturi 2020, distinguish browser-based, search engines, monitoring tracking, screen/app filters several types), optimal controls. Reporting regulators policymakers working protection, ready deploy impeded taken together explain counterproductive. matter insofar intersect uses diverse users contingent circumstances, variable (Johannessen, Evans (2017) distinguished affordances (a genuinely relational characteristic emergent subject object; Nagy & Neff, 2015) everyday (and arguably confusing) state technology's phone affords texting) communication). Anonymity, argue, neither feature nor outcome depends varies circumstances. chatting "public" platform, real name policy, afford anonymity no-one circle see them there. another, playing pseudonyms avatars need impede knowing just schoolfriend with, does necessarily anonymity. Thus conceptualize settings features, where affordance Angelini Gini (2023) (asynchronicity cue absence), finding linked socially anxious worse non-anxious adolescents. suggests might richness (Ishii 2019) users; rich interactions pressurize appear respond certain ways, yet rewarding affirming confident Which remains addressed. Such advance influential agenda established decade ago Danah Boyd (2014) her ethnographic analysis four well-being—persistence (of content/data), scalability flows across networks), replicability (enabling multiplication manipulation content), searchability (transforming access specialization knowledge). crucial grasp dynamic between user broader ecological lives." (Instagram, TikTok, etc.) context (where, when, whom, why), little been contribute engage. case individual collectively—notably, know participation communities, subcultural entry exit, care, value, exclusion. there ethnographies of, say, youth civic sites or, contrastingly, pro-anorexia ethical methodological reasons tend say participates behind avatar, relates offline Social long examined complex intersections material (Lievrouw Livingstone, 2006). Specifically, recognize coevolved practices, largely Western origins interests degree open users' interpretation, agency, processes meaning (Hartmann, Consider greatest concern namely vulnerability compulsive exploitative (5Rights Foundation, 2021). Having range difficulties aged 12−22 Norway UK ySKILLS able struggled—virality (extreme exaggerated designed "go viral" rapidly horizontal personalization (algorithmically-driven tailored circumstances—often referred "triggering"), trustworthiness (given absence instability trust markers judging peers, influencers, experts, platforms). that, while life did leave passive unskilled; contrary, inventive unorthodox cope (Livingstone Hensums add way thinking showing equally comply YouTube vloggers' messages. Insofar hope—and strive ensure—that policy practice academy, find encapsulated useful, ways? authors call actors build research—often pointing broadly intervention prevention initiatives, referring specifically implications parents carers, teachers educators, clinicians professionals whose job help Kurock shows scaffold information-related opportunities response requests, supporting autonomy learning. (Van den Bulck 2016), child-initiated joint (Takeuchi Stevens, 2011) particularly productive, children benefit sensitized other. All indeed important, vital ecosystem faced challenges posed domains (think modes learning expression, changing employment innovative careers paths, amplified hate, abuse aggression now encompassing lives). role play, responsibilities enact, worthwhile consider they, too, tasked reviewing adolescence. conclude schools jointly empower gaining information-seeking skills, aim, worth noting literacy (as promoted communications regulator, Ofcom, 2023) play role, instance requiring informational interfaces functionality collaborative uses. Indeed, suggest two categories notable power domain—policymakers, legislate establish standards incentives sector; companies, provide may, promote rather undermine choose learn helps harms ease burden experienced clinicians. initiatives require initial investment resources, sector policymakers, thereafter reach scalable sustainable evenly spread. contrast, rely clinicians, easier tailor circumstances adolescent, expensive roll out, training awareness raising outreach, difficult sustain too often, up privileged neglected segments Favini self-efficacy combat "addiction." illustrates challenge policymakers: fund annual, nation-wide, school-based interventions prevent excessive instead, develop restrict platforms' (such personalized algorithms endless scroll autoplay video feeds lootboxes gaming). applies also: apportion withstand cut-and-thrust budget setting establishing harm educational effectiveness mitigate harm? Meeting raises useful (Staksrud, 2013). Researchers strength (is methodology robust, sizes substantial, recommendations supported weight studies) feasibility regulations proposed (are practical, ethical, affordable, codeveloped affected communities most difficult, political introduce them?). purview, arise. lonelier seem initially wears off quickly, practise emotion next day 2023)? Or, since undermines anxiety, guide decision against advise anxiety? last something worked above-mentioned research; having drafted findings, then workshopped messages interviewees (ySKILLS, Itself though challenging exercise, resulting trod careful line generality, vary considerably interact must practical engage issues, longer feasible sidestep dimensions accompanying problems (Aref-Adib 2020). To fully "digital" makes consolidate growing recognition nonspecific "use," measured simplistically time" conceived reductively activity undifferentiated contexts assumes obscure (Livingstone, commentary, invited reflection relishing take multidisciplinary directions. Looking breadth coverage Third (2019) three approaches digital": (i) technologies—this focus contents, services; (ii) within spaces environments, focusing extend transform reinvent possibilities action interaction; (iii) reshaped wholesale adoption infrastructures communication, more—health, politics, welfare arguably, (Plantin 2018). non-use amount type inequalities population segments. second tends compare offline—for asking need-based de Casteele newspapers Ukrainian war influence prejudice minorities (Bobba conjure notion distinct spaces—"virtual" "real"—although virtual space characterize, somehow separate embedded (in-person, embodied, material) grappled with. third invites historical system questions, ultimately concerning world" age," commentary. overarching relatively individualistic transformations world discerned motivations research—consider Strohmeier al.'s girls fall boys career aspirations" needed society, Lamash assumption mediated, skills required ensure Some discussions artificial intelligence "metaverse" raise prospect societal transformations. Digital continues apace. late twentieth century, television talked "push" "sit back" technology, marketers) internet" "pull" (or forward") celebrated empowering active wanted today (to paraphrase then-famous Microsoft advertising). Today, situation reversed, viewers face bewildering array broadcast, catch-up, streaming internet "fed" closely undivided unending attention. Understanding innovation, evolving creativity (include workarounds, hacks, resistant practices) calls interdisciplinary lens digital—as tools environment, daunting exciting.

Language: Английский

---

Preteens social media use: Parents' and children's perceptions of what mediation approaches are used and why

British Journal of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Many preteens are using social media, despite most platforms having an age requirement of 13-year-old. Little is known about how these young users and their parents balance out the opportunities potential risks media use. To address this gap in our understanding we interviewed nine children (aged 9-12) together with one to two research questions: (1) 'What strategies used mediate use among preteens?' (2) children's reflections why different chosen?' The findings identify a broader range mediation than previously discussed literature, challenge suggesting that have typical approach give new insight into role co-constructing used. This has implications for future policies, interventions effectiveness approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Differentiated parental roles in Chinese adolescents’ internet access and usage

Journal of Children and Media, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 18

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Digital Interventions for Combating Internet Addiction in Young Children: Qualitative Study of Parent and Therapist Perspectives

JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. e55364 - e55364

Published: March 26, 2024

Background Internet addiction is an emerging mental health issue in this digital age. Nowadays, children start using the internet early childhood, thus making them vulnerable to addictive use. Previous studies have reported that risk of tends be higher lower-income regions with lower quality life, such as Indonesia. Indonesia has high risks and prevalence addiction, including children. Digital interventions been developed option combat However, little known about what parents therapists perceive these types interventions. Objective This study aims investigate experiences, perceptions, considerations regarding for combating young Indonesian Methods used a qualitative exploratory approach through semistructured interviews. We involved 22 aged 7 11 years 6 experienced The interview data were transcribed analyzed thematic analysis. Results Participants recognized 3 existing addiction: Google Family Link, YouTube Kids, Apple parental control. They perceived could beneficial continuously promoting healthy behavior supporting supervision. not highly due limitations apps’ functionality usability, capability, parent-child relationships, cultural incompatibility, privacy. Conclusions findings suggest should focus only on restricting monitoring screen time but also suggesting substitutive activities children, developing children’s competencies behavior, improving literacy parents, decision-making promote their Suggestions future are provided, features more usable relatable, investigating gamification enhance motivation capability managing use, providing tailored or personalized content suit users’ characteristics, considering provision training information use privacy agreements.

Language: Английский

---

Family factors related to adolescent screen media use and mental health outcomes: A systematic review and recommendation for practices

Journal of Adolescence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(7), P. 1401 - 1427

Published: June 25, 2024

Screen media serves an essential role in adolescents' lives, posing growth opportunities and mental health challenges. Family plays a crucial mitigating these This systematic review offers comprehensive analysis of the family factors related to adolescent screen use health.

Language: Английский

---

Parental Competence and Pornography Use among Hispanic Adolescents

Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 926 - 926

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

This study aims to determine the association between parental competence (warmth, demandingness, and education in fortitude privacy) pornography use.

Language: Английский

---

The Belgrade School Shooting in 2023 and the Serbian Government's Response Within the Framework of Legal and Education Systems

Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 27 - 74

Published: April 29, 2024

On May 3, 2023, Serbia, a country with strict gun regulations, was confronted for the first time mass shooting, which took place at an elite school in capital Belgrade. After Serbian Government introduced measures to prevent such incidents from happening again. This chapter analyzes measures, focusing on two questions: 1) What did country, already has established MACR level of most European countries, and police presence schools, do when it shooting time; 2) Have same content proven effective current practice countries where they were implemented? In this context, introducing innovations legal education systems are analyzed results previous studies, especially experiences United States, discussed chapter.

Language: Английский

---

What kinds of personal data do primary school pupils share with whom? Children’s view of personal data and its implications for teaching about privacy

Journal of Media Literacy Education, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 14 - 27

Published: July 1, 2024

Safeguarding personal digital data is crucial and requires appropriate training. However, privacy remains a novel topic, leaving teachers with limited guidance. This study investigates how elementary school students perceive assesses pre-service teachers' accuracy in predicting children's responses. Employing Nissenbaum's contextual integrity framework, the outcomes of this research offer nuanced perspective on privacy, considering different recipients types. The surveyed 94 Grade 3 5 students, asking them to indicate which (no one, parents, best friends, class, all other people) they would share specific information. In addition, 75 were asked what expected children whom. findings show: 1. information consider be most private, 2. trust most, 3. varying sharing practices between 5, 4. tendency for underestimate behavior. discussion section we propose five recommendations enhancing education.

Language: Английский

---

Is My Child Safe Online? - On Requirements for Parental Control Tools in Apps used by Children

Journal on Interactive Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 823 - 838

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Following the Covid-19 pandemic, children have increased their use of mobile electronic devices to access internet. Among main applications used by between 9 and 17 years old are social communication media platforms Instagram TikTok. Consequently, they more exposed risky situations (e.g. objectionable content, sexual predators, cyberbullying, etc.). To address this scenario, we conducted a systematic mapping study snowballing process evaluating 33 primary studies identify recommendations general guidelines for parental control tools, which should be part any app children. Based on study, derived 16 functional (FR) 13 non-functional requirements (NFR) IT companies develop features that help caregivers promote online protection via assertive decisions proper safeguards. We those as lenses analysis two software largely children: Our findings revealed TikTok’s mature present options supervising restricting children’s activities than Instagram’s. Therefore, research expands knowledge about raises discussion around welfare relevant digital citizens.

Language: Английский

---