The Potential Role of Mitochondria in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Brain Health

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 107434 - 107434

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Mitochondria are crucial organelles that regulate cellular energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses, playing pivotal roles in brain development neurodegeneration. Concurrently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of physiology pathology through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Recent evidence suggests an intricate crosstalk between mitochondrial function, mediated by microbial metabolites can influence activities brain. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview emerging role mitochondria critical mediators axis, shaping health neurological disease pathogenesis. We discuss how such short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile tryptophan metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide traverse blood-brain barrier modulate processes including production, regulation, mitophagy, neurons glial cells. Additionally, we proposed targeting diet, prebiotics, probiotics, or promising potential therapeutic approach maintain optimizing fitness. Overall, further investigations into its bioenergetics, dynamics, responses will valuable insights axis both states.

Language: Английский

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The effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on mental health and metabolic outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Background Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar affective disorder are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by a chronic pattern of emotional, behavioral, cognitive disturbances. Shared psychopathology includes the pre-eminence altered states, disorders thoughts, behavioral control. Additionally, those share epidemiological traits, including significant cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, respiratory co-morbidities, resulting in reduced life expectancy up to 25 years. Nutritional ketosis has been successfully used treat range neurological preclinical data have convincingly shown potential for its use animal models psychotic disorders. More recent from open clinical trials pointed toward dramatic reduction psychotic, affective, metabolic symptoms both schizophrenia disorder. Objectives investigate effects nutritional via modified ketogenic diet (MKD) over 14 weeks stable community patients with or schizophrenia. Design A randomized placebo-controlled trial 100 non-hospitalized adult participants diagnosis who capable consenting willing change their diets. Intervention Dietitian-led medically supervised compared following Australian Guide Healthy Eating weeks. Outcomes The primary outcomes include measures, reported as symptom improvement functional changes Positive Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating (YMS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), WHO Disability Schedule, Affect Lability Cambridge Cognitive Battery. secondary body weight, blood pressure, liver kidney function tests, lipid profiles, markers insulin resistance. Ketone glucose levels will be study correlation between outcomes. Optional hair cortisol analysis assess long-term stress variations fecal microbiome composition. Autonomic nervous system activity measured wearable devices (OURA ring EMBRACE wristband) form skin conductance, oximetry, continuous pulse monitoring, rate, movement tracking, sleep quality. Based on encouraging results established research, other neurodevelopment disorders, schizophrenia, we predict that therapy well tolerated result improved global measures social functioning. We additionally may exist level achieved cognitive, intervention group.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and pain

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Clinical studies have revealed a significant correlation between pain and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to cognitive speech impairments, AD patients, especially those in moderate severe stages, are often overlooked management. The challenges obtaining pain‐related information from this population exacerbate the issue. Although recent clinical research has increasingly recognized comorbidity of pain, pathological alterations interactive mechanisms underlying relationship remain inadequately explored. This review provides comprehensive analysis features with without comorbidity. It examines processes, including neuroinflammation, peripheral‐central immune interactions, neurotransmitter dynamics. Furthermore, it highlights current assessment management strategies patients. By offering theoretical framework, aims support development effective approaches serve as reference for interventions targeting AD‐associated pain. Highlights CP encompasses multiple interrelated biological pathways, such neurodegeneration inflammatory responses. damage neurons synapses patients influences brain regions responsible processing thereby reducing response. Neuroinflammation plays vital role both CP. Enhanced responses an impact on CNS promote sensitization. Common exist CP, influencing cognition, emotion, perception.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Dementia is a growing public health concern with limited effective treatments. Diet may be modifiable factor that significantly impacts brain health. Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been suggested to associated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers related dementia, but the existing evidence inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed quantify association between MeDi dementia-related MRI markers. A search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science up September 2024. Two reviewers worked in parallel select studies extract data. We considered epidemiologic reported beta coefficients (β) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MeDi. Separate meta-analyses were performed cross-sectional longitudinal studies. total 20 relevant involving 44,893 individuals included analysis. Thirteen 42,955 participants. revealed significant associations white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (β = − 0.03, CI 0.05– 0.01, P 0.02). However, there no found volume (TBV) 0.20–0.13, 0.71), gray (GMV) 0.26, 0.19–0.71, 0.26), (WMV) 0.09, 0.40–0.22, 0.58), or hippocampal (HCV) 1.02, 7.74–9.79, 0.82). In analysis, seven prospective an average follow-up period ranging from 1.5 9 years 1,938 The combined effect size showed TBV GMV. Adherence reduced WMH older adults. suggests affect highlights need further research into its role as lifestyle might potentially modify risk dementia.

Language: Английский

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From Gut to Brain: The Role of Gut Dysbiosis, Bacterial Amyloids, and Metabolic Disease in Alzheimer’s Disease

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107693 - 107693

Published: March 1, 2025

Gut microbial dysbiosis, or altered gut communities, in Alzheimer's Disease suggests a pathogenic role for inflammation and products shaping neuroinflammatory environment. Similarly, metabolic diseases, such as obesity diabetes, are also associated with an increased risk of Disease. As the landscape shifts during inflammation, turn impacts processes, we explore how these interconnected pathways may contribute to progression Additionally, discuss bacterial amyloids produced by microbes, which exacerbate amyloid aggregation brain neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, highlight potential therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing improving health, decreasing content means mitigate progression. These approaches, targeting gut-brain-metabolic axis, could offer promising avenues delaying preventing cognitive decline affected individuals.

Language: Английский

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Almond snacking modulates gut microbiome and metabolome in association with improved cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers

npj Science of Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Western-style dietary patterns have been linked with obesity and associated metabolic disorders gut dysbiosis, whereas prudent snacking choices mitigate these predispositions. Using a multi-omics approach, we investigated how almond counters imbalances to adiposity an average American Diet (AAD). Fifteen adults overweight or underwent randomized, crossover-controlled feeding trial comparing 4-week AAD similar isocaloric diet supplemented 42.5 g/day of almonds (ALD). Almond increases functional microbes, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while suppressing opportunistic pathogens, thereby favorably modulating microecological niches through symbiotic microbe-metabolite interactions. Moreover, ALD elevates health-beneficial monosaccharides fosters bacterial consumption amino acids, owing enhanced microbial homeostasis. Additionally, enhances homeostasis ketosis-like effect, reduces inflammation, improves satiety-regulating hormones. The findings suggest that choices, such as snacking, promote immune state.

Language: Английский

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Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction on Alzheimer's Disease: Experimental and Clinical Investigations

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Backgrounds Dementia can impose a heavy economic burden on both society and families. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is complex neurodegenerative characterized by abnormal deposition extracellular amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) aggregation intracellular Tau protein to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Given limited efficacy pharmacological treatment, scientists have already paid more attention non‐pharmacological strategies, including dietary restriction (DR). DR refers nutritional paradigm aimed at promoting overall health modifying balance between energy consumption expenditure. Studies demonstrated that effectively extends healthy lifespan, delays aging process, achieves promising results in prevention treatment AD preclinical studies. Methods In this review we collected related studies viewpoints searching PubMed database using keywords. Most citations were published 2015 2025. A few older literatures also included due their relevance significance field. Results We first provide concise overview current therapeutic preventive strategies for AD. Then, introduce several specific protocols favorable effects Furthermore, potential mechanisms underlying benefits are discussed. Finally, briefly highlight role maintaining brain health. Conclusion This may offer valuable insights into development innovative treatment.

Language: Английский

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Could a Mediterranean Diet Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease Progression? The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Signatures in Neurodegeneration

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1559 - 1559

Published: April 29, 2025

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, represent a growing global health crisis, yet current treatment strategies remain primarily palliative. Recent studies have shown that neurodegeneration through complex interactions within gut-brain axis largely depends on gut microbiota and its metabolites. This review explores intricate molecular mechanisms linking dysbiosis to cognitive decline, emphasizing impact microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, amyloid-β tau pathology. The paper highlights major microbiome signatures associated with disease, detailing their metabolic pathways inflammatory crosstalk. Dietary interventions promise in modulating composition, potentially mitigating neurodegenerative processes. critically examines influence dietary patterns, Mediterranean Western diets, microbiota-mediated neuroprotection. Bioactive compounds like prebiotics, omega-3 polyphenols exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, it discusses emerging microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), potential for slowing progression. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain, interindividual variability responses need large-scale, longitudinal studies. study proposes an integrative, precision medicine approach, incorporating science into paradigms. Ultimately, cognizance at mechanistic level could unlock novel avenues, offering non-invasive, diet-based strategy managing improving health.

Language: Английский

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A Gut Microbial Metabolite Alleviates Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral Dysfunction in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Temporal impact of sepsis on Alzheimer's disease pathology and neuroinflammation

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102775 - 102775

Published: May 1, 2025

Epidemiological evidence has revealed an associative link between sepsis survivorship and increased risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Paradoxically, population studies show females are less susceptible to but more vulnerable post-sepsis dementia. Here, we examined the temporal impacts in context AD by using AD-amyloidosis model (TgCRND8) their wild-type littermates assessing outcomes at 7 days 3 months male female mice. Following 7-days recovery, microglia astrocytes AD-model mice were largely refractile systemic immune stimuli. Notably, accumulated higher hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden upregulated AD-type transcriptomic signature this time. On other hand, showed no Aβ changes. At time, post-septic males, not females, displayed robust astrocytosis, with nominal microgliosis. By post-sepsis, microgliosis was specifically elevated indicating a prolonged central response. both exacerbated anxiety indices. Gene network analysis stronger response while linked estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling, ERα protein brains males. Together, our data highlights sex-dimorphic neuroinflammation, ESR signaling playing key role is affected similarly males females.

Language: Английский

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