Biomedical and public health studies on susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder DOI Open Access

Ghazi Ibrahim A. Al Jowf

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Exposure to trauma is one of the most important and prevalent risk factors for mental physical ill-health.Excessive or prolonged stress exposure increases a wide variety symptoms.However, people differ strikingly in their susceptibility develop signs symptoms illness after traumatic stress.Post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) debilitating affecting approximately 8% world's population during lifetime, typically develops event.Despite that potentially traumatizing events occurs large proportion general population, about 80-90% trauma-exposed individuals do not PTSD, suggesting an inter-individual difference vulnerability PTSD.While biological mechanisms underlying this differential are unknown, epigenetic changes have been proposed underlie relationship between PTSD.Epigenetic refer environmentally sensitive modifications DNA RNA molecules regulate gene transcription without altering genetic sequence itself.In review, we provide overview various molecular biological, biochemical physiological alterations focusing on at genomic epigenomic level.Finally, will discuss how current knowledge may aid us early detection improved management PTSD patients.

Language: Английский

Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review DOI Creative Commons
Lisa Burback, Suzette Brémault‐Phillips, Mirjam J. Nijdam

et al.

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 557 - 635

Published: May 3, 2023

Abstract: This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in understanding and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Over last four decades, scientific landscape has matured, with many interdisciplinary contributions to its diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology. Advances genetics, neurobiology, stress pathophysiology, brain imaging have made it apparent that chronic PTSD is a systemic disorder high allostatic load. The current state includes wide variety pharmacological psychotherapeutic approaches, which are evidence-based. However, myriad challenges inherent disorder, such as individual barriers good outcome, comorbidity, emotional dysregulation, suicidality, dissociation, substance use, trauma-related guilt shame, often render response suboptimal. These discussed drivers for emerging novel including early interventions Golden Hours, interventions, medication augmentation use psychedelics, well targeting nervous system. All this aims improve symptom relief clinical outcomes. Finally, phase orientation recognized tool strategize position step progression pathophysiology. Revisions guidelines systems care will be needed incorporate innovative treatments evidence emerges they become mainstream. generation well-positioned address devastating disabling impact traumatic events through holistic, cutting-edge efforts research.

Language: Английский

Citations

95
To Predict, Prevent, and Manage Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Biomarkers DOI Open Access
Ghazi I. Al Jowf, Ziyad T. Ahmed, Rick A. Reijnders

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5238 - 5238

Published: March 9, 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can become a chronic and severely disabling condition resulting in reduced quality of life increased economic burden. The is directly related to exposure traumatic event, e.g., real or threatened injury, death, sexual assault. Extensive research has been done on the neurobiological alterations underlying its phenotypes, revealing brain circuit disruption, neurotransmitter dysregulation, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Psychotherapy remains first-line treatment option for PTSD given good efficacy, although pharmacotherapy also be used as stand-alone combination with psychotherapy. In order reduce prevalence burden disorder, multilevel models prevention have developed detect early possible morbidity those established diseases. Despite clinical grounds diagnosis, attention increasing discovery reliable biomarkers that predict susceptibility, aid monitor treatment. Several potential linked pathophysiological changes PTSD, encouraging further identify actionable targets. This review highlights current literature regarding pathophysiology, disease development models, modalities, preventive from public health perspective, discusses state biomarker research.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Addressing mental health need after COVID-19: a systematic review of remote EMDR therapy studies as an emerging option DOI Creative Commons
Safa Kemal Kaptan,

Zehra Merve Kaya,

Ayşe Akan

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a substantial rise in mental health challenges, prompting need for accessible and effective therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the evidence on remote Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy delivered response to increased need. Methods A systematic was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases including PsychINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science were searched identify studies assessing efficacy EMDR administered online. Results Sixteen articles meeting inclusion criteria selected, involving 1,231 participants across various age groups. Studies covered individual group sessions self-administered computerized protocols. Findings indicate promising outcomes reducing PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression. Discussion analysis selected demonstrates feasibility potential online as an option addressing difficulties, particularly during times limited in-person interaction. However, revealed limitations such small sample sizes, absence control groups, reliance self-reported measures. registration: present registered “The International Database Register Your Reviews” (INPLASY) registration number 2023120018 DOI 10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0068 .

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Fully remote intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD and Complex PTSD DOI Creative Commons
H. Bongaerts, Eline M. Voorendonk, Agnes van Minnen

et al.

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

It is unknown whether remotely delivered intensive trauma-focused therapy not only an effective treatment for PTSD, but also Complex PTSD.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Suggesting internal family systems-informed eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as a treatment for personality structural dissociation DOI Creative Commons
Gabby A. A. Rothwell-Blake, Dimitri Stavropoulos, Yasuhiro Kotera

et al.

Discover Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of intensive trauma-focused treatment of individuals with both post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder DOI Creative Commons
K. A. Kolthof, Eline M. Voorendonk, Agnes van Minnen

et al.

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Research indicates that intensive trauma-focused therapy can be effective in alleviating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality (BPD). However, these studies have relied on self-report BPD follow-up data are scarce.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Digital-Based Interventions for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review DOI Creative Commons
Meg Blackie, Kathleen de Boer, Elizabeth Seabrook

et al.

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 3115 - 3130

Published: March 27, 2024

Research has shown that complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) differs from (PTSD) on core symptoms relating to the individual’s sense of self, and this driven need for treatment approaches address these specific features cPTSD. The COVID-19 pandemic led increased use digital-based interventions (DBIs) treat mental illnesses, including trauma-related disorders. However, while evidence DBIs PTSD previously been synthesized, current review is first synthesis research A systematic search Scopus, PsychINFO, EBSCOhost was conducted, using terms targeting “cPTSD” “DBIs,” identify cPTSD symptoms. Ten papers were identified, which provided preliminary efficacy reduce Further, reported as acceptable by individuals with a history trauma. paper also provides insight into therapeutic adopted, digital modalities utilized, safety measures included, whether/to what degree support provided. While show promise treating cPTSD, there substantial room advancement empirical base approaches. Both clinical research-based recommendations are separately.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Engagement over telehealth: comparing attendance between dialectical behaviour therapy delivered face-to-face and via telehealth for programs in Australia and New Zealand during the Covid-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Carla J. Walton, Sharleen Gonzalez, Emily Cooney

et al.

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 19, 2023

While the COVID-19 crisis has had numerous global negative impacts, it also presented an imperative for mental health care systems to make digital interventions a part of routine care. Accordingly, through necessity, many Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) programs transitioned telehealth, despite little information on clinical outcomes compared with face-to-face treatment delivery. This study examined differences in client engagement (i.e. attendance) DBT: delivered prior first lockdown Australia and New Zealand; via telehealth during lockdown; post-lockdown. Our primary were compare: [1] attendance rates DBT individual therapy delivery [2] skills training telehealth.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Assessment and diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) for medico-legal and other clinical purposes: DSM-5-TR PTSD, ICD-11 PTSD and ICD-11 complex PTSD DOI Creative Commons

Andy P. Siddaway

BJPsych Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 383 - 397

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

SUMMARY Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex, heterogeneous mental health problem that can be challenging to identify, assess, understand, diagnose and treat. This article provides an overview critique of key topics, literature principles inform comprehensive meticulous assessment PTSDs. Although expert witnesses are the target audience, this will have relevance for identifying, assessing, understanding diagnosing PTSDs in all clinical contexts. A range topics relevant discussed, including: complex relationship between trauma PTSDs; DSM-5-TR PTSD ICD-11 diagnoses similarities differences them; presentation psychological models how approach differential diagnosis; impact on neuropsychological abilities functioning (disability); causation, reliability assessing when being considered as legal defence; evidence-based interventions (medication, therapy, ‘right time’ contraindications); prognosis (if untreated, long therapy/change takes). Given ongoing debate, proposes exposure best defined future iterations DSM ICD one or more psychologically threatening horrific experiences overwhelming.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Psychological treatment of traumatic memories in COVID‐19 survivors DOI
Loredana Dinapoli,

Daniele Ferrarese,

Daniela Belella

et al.

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 225 - 233

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected a significant number of individuals worldwide, is generating serious mental health issues. Recovered patients have experienced traumatic events related to their symptoms, isolation, possible hospitalization, bereavement, fear infecting loved ones and the physical consequences COVID-19. One effective psychological treatment for these Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). aim this paper describe therapeutic intervention effects EMDR in pool survivors referred an integrated psychological/psychiatric outpatient service. Twelve patients, comprising nine males three females, underwent psychotherapy from October 2020 February 2022. Each patient received 8-16 weekly sessions. standard protocol eight stages was administered enable desensitization reprocessing four main targets: first positive swab, isolation relatives' health. Efficacy demonstrated by improvement at clinical scale subjective distress caused events. For therapists, carrying out treatments intense challenging experience. In fact, perceived distance between therapist less defined than other hospital settings because pandemic affects everyone equally. However, with widespread availability vaccines although still ongoing emergence new variants, window landscape starting open up.

Language: Английский

Citations

10