The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 693 - 715

Published: May 18, 2009

The increasing availability of phylogenetic data, computing power and informatics tools has facilitated a rapid expansion studies that apply data methods to community ecology. Several key areas are reviewed in which information helps resolve long-standing controversies ecology, challenges previous assumptions, opens new investigation. In particular, ecology have helped reveal the multitude processes driving assembly demonstrated importance evolution process. Phylogenetic approaches also increased understanding consequences interactions for speciation, adaptation extinction. Finally, structure composition holds promise predicting ecosystem impacts global change. Major advancing these remain. determining extent ecologically relevant traits phylogenetically conserved or convergent, over what temporal scale, is critical causes its evolutionary consequences. Harnessing understand forecast changes diversity dynamics communities step managing restoring Earth's biota time

Language: Английский

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Quantifying community assembly processes and identifying features that impose them

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 2069 - 2079

Published: June 6, 2013

Language: Английский

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Stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in subsurface microbial communities

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1653 - 1664

Published: March 29, 2012

Language: Английский

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Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1085 - 1093

Published: June 23, 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1085–1093 Abstract Though many processes are involved in determining which species coexist and assemble into communities, competition is among the best studied. One hypothesis about competition’s contribution to community assembly that more closely related less likely coexist. empirical evidence for this mixed, it remains a common assumption certain phylogenetic approaches inferring effects of environmental filtering competitive exclusion. Here, we relate modern coexistence theory refine expectations how relatedness influences outcome competition. We argue two types differences determine exclusion with opposing on patterns. Importantly, means can sometimes eliminate different taxa, even when traits underlying relevant phylogenetically conserved. Our argument leads reinterpretation inferred from structure.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic niche conservatism, phylogenetic signal and the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity among species

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 995 - 1003

Published: July 31, 2008

Ecologists are increasingly adopting an evolutionary perspective, and in recent years, the idea that closely related species ecologically similar has become widespread. In this regard, phylogenetic signal must be distinguished from niche conservatism. Phylogenetic conservatism results when more would expected based on their relationships; its occurrence suggests some process is constraining divergence among species. contrast, refers to situation which ecological similarity between relatedness; outcome of Brownian motion thus necessary, but not sufficient, evidence for existence Although many workers consider common, a review case studies indicates similarities often related. Consequently, ecologists should assume exists, rather empirically examine extent it occurs.

Language: Английский

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Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 1 - 23

Published: Aug. 5, 2015

The order and timing of species immigration during community assembly can affect abundances at multiple spatial scales. Known as priority effects, these effects cause historical contingency in the structure function communities, resulting alternative stable states, transient or compositional cycles. mechanisms fall into two categories, niche preemption modification, conditions for by be organized groups, those regarding regional pool properties local population dynamics. Specifically, requirements must satisfied to occur: contains that together dynamics are rapid enough early-arriving preempt modify niches before other arrive. Organizing current knowledge this way reveals an outstanding key question: How pools yield generated maintained?

Language: Английский

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Functional diversity measures: an overview of their redundancy and their ability to discriminate community assembly rules

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 867 - 876

Published: March 15, 2010

Summary 1. Indices quantifying the functional aspect of biodiversity are essential in understanding relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints. Many indices diversity have been published but we lack consensus about what quantify, how redundant they which ones recommended. 2. This study aims to build a typology from artificial data sets encompassing various community structures (different assembly rules, species richness levels) identify set independent able discriminate rules. 3. Our results confirm that can be divided into three main categories, each these corresponding one diversity: richness, evenness divergence. Most highly correlated quantify while quadratic entropy ( Q ) represents mix Conversely, two (FEve FDiv respectively divergence) rather all others. The power analysis revealed some efficiently detect rules others performed poorly. 4. To accurately assess establish its with constraints, recommend investigating component separately appropriate index. Guidelines provided help choosing given issue being investigated. 5. demonstrates potential reveal processes structure biological communities. Combined complementary methods (phylogenetic taxonomic diversity), multifaceted framework will improve our interacts

Language: Английский

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Functional Traits and Niche-Based Tree Community Assembly in an Amazonian Forest

Science, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 322(5901), P. 580 - 582

Published: Oct. 23, 2008

It is debated whether species-level differences in ecological strategy, which play a key role much of coexistence theory, are important structuring highly diverse communities. We examined the co-occurrence patterns over 1100 tree species 25-hectare Amazonian forest plot relation to field-measured functional traits. Using null model approach, we show that co-occurring trees often less ecologically similar than niche-free (neutral) predicts. Furthermore, find evidence for processes simultaneously drive convergence and divergence aspects plant suggesting at least two distinct niche-based occurring. Our results strategy differentiation among contributes maintenance diversity one most tropical forests world.

Language: Английский

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Ecological assembly rules in plant communities—approaches, patterns and prospects

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 87(1), P. 111 - 127

Published: June 21, 2011

Understanding how communities of living organisms assemble has been a central question in ecology since the early days discipline. Disentangling different processes involved community assembly is not only interesting itself but also crucial for an understanding will behave under future environmental scenarios. The traditional concept rules reflects notion that species do co‐occur randomly are restricted their co‐occurrence by interspecific competition. This can be redefined more general framework where product chance, historical patterns speciation and migration, dispersal, abiotic factors, biotic interactions, with none these being mutually exclusive. Here we present survey meta‐analyses 59 papers compare observed plant null models simulating random assembly. According to type data study methods applied detect assembly, distinguish four main types approach published literature: co‐occurrence, niche limitation, guild proportionality limiting similarity. Results from our suggest non‐random widespread phenomenon. However, whether this finding individualistic nature or caused methodological shortcomings associated studies considered cannot discerned available metadata. We advocate thorough surveys conducted using set standardized test existence sets spanning larger biological geographical scales than have until now. underpin advice guidelines should research. enable us draw accurate conclusions about aspect communities.

Language: Английский

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The role of functional traits and trade‐offs in structuring phytoplankton communities: scaling from cellular to ecosystem level

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1170 - 1181

Published: Oct. 10, 2007

Abstract Trait‐based approaches to community structure are increasingly used in terrestrial ecology. We show that such an approach, augmented by a mechanistic analysis of trade‐offs among functional traits, can be successfully explain composition marine phytoplankton along environmental gradients. Our literature on major traits phytoplankton, as parameters nutrient‐dependent growth and uptake, reveals physiological species abilities acquire utilize resources. These trade‐offs, arising from fundamental relations cellular scaling laws enzyme kinetics, define contrasting ecological strategies nutrient acquisition. Major groups eukaryotic have adopted distinct with associated traits. diverse utilization the distribution patterns size classes availability

Language: Английский

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