Beyond ultra-processed: considering the future role of food processing in human health

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 82(3), P. 406 - 418

Published: June 1, 2023

Food-based dietary guidelines have been the basis of public health recommendations for over half a century, but more recently, there has trend to classify properties food not by its nutrient composition, degree which it processed. This concept supported many association studies, narrative reviews and findings from one randomised controlled feeding trial, demonstrated sustained effect ultra-processed diets on increasing both energy intake body weight. led widespread speculation as specific features foods that promote increased intakes. Rising interest in topic proposals include guidance restrictions consumption processed national guidelines, with some countries encouraging consumers avoid highly completely, only choose minimally foods. However, remains lack consensus role human when faced challenges securing supply growing global population, is, healthy, affordable sustainable. There also criticism subjective nature definitions used differentiate their processing, is currently empirical data support clear mechanism greater Recommendations all are potentially harmful if they remove sources nutrients will be impractical most an estimated two-thirds current purchased or The review highlights considerations interpreting studies link offers critique mechanisms proposed explain between poor health. Recent research suggests combination higher density faster meal eating rates likely influence size intakes new perspectives how manage this future. In going beyond debate, aim summarise important existing identify gaps future

Language: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Food Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Epidemiological Meta-Analyses

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Objective: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design: Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manually searching reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Inclusion Criteria: reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional study designs that evaluated foods outcomes in humans across lifespan. Results: The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9,888,373). Overall, direct were found (71%) outcome domains spanning cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, respiratory conditions, cancer, mental health, mortality. Based on a pre-specified criteria, convincing (Class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR: 1.50; 95%CIs: 1.37 1.63), type two diabetes (dose-response RR: 1.12; 1.11 1.13), depressive (HR: 1.21; 1.16 1.28), prevalent anxiety (OR: 1.48; 1.59) combined common disorder 1.53; 1.43 1.63). Highly suggestive II) indicated was directly associated with all-cause 1.15 1.27), heart HR: 1.66; 1.51 1.84), 1.40; 1.23 1.59), together obesity 1.55; 1.36 1.77), sleep-related 1.41; 1.24 1.60), wheezing 1.27 1.55). Out remaining 34 21 graded or weak strength III-IV) no V). Using GRADE framework, 22 analyses rated "Low" quality, 19 "Very Low” four "Moderate" quality. Conclusions: Higher risk outcomes, especially disorder, These findings provide rationale effectiveness using population-based measures target reduce dietary for improved human health. Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Language: Английский

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Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. e2411852 - e2411852

Published: May 17, 2024

Importance High intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in adults; however, the evidence children is limited. Objective To investigate association between UPF consumption and factors Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS). Design, Setting, Participants This baseline cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data CORALS participants recruited March 22, 2019, June 30, 2022. Preschool (aged 3-6 years) were from schools centers 7 cities Spain. Inclusion criteria included informed consent signed by parents or caregivers having a completed set questionnaires about child’s prenatal history at home. Exclusion low command Spanish unstable residence. Exposure Energy-adjusted (in grams per day) food frequency based on NOVA classification system. Main Outcomes Measures Age- sex-specific z scores adiposity parameters (body mass index [BMI], fat index, waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference) (diastolic systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, high-density low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) estimated linear regression models. Results Of 1509 enrolled participants, 1426 (mean [SD] age, 5.8 [1.1] years; 698 boys [49.0%]) this study. Mothers high younger, had BMI, more likely to have overweight obesity, lower education levels employment rates. Compared lowest tertile energy-adjusted consumption, those highest showed BMI (β coefficient, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.35), circumference 0.17; 0.00-0.32), glucose 0.22; 0.06-0.37) HDL cholesterol −0.19; −0.36 −0.02). One-SD increments 0.11; 0.05-0.17), 0.09; 0.02-0.15), 0.04-1.18), 0.10; 0.03-0.17) −0.07; −0.15 −0.00). Substituting 100 g UPFs unprocessed minimally processed −0.03; −0.06 −0.01), 0.00), −0.04; −0.07 −0.01). Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest that young other factors, highlighting need public health initiatives promote replacement foods.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed food consumption and human health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Recently, ultra-processed foods received a lot of attention, but also criticism. Our aim was to provide an overview the existing evidence food consumption on human health. We conducted systematic search in four databases until January 5th, 2024. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses as defined by NOVA classification system were included. The certainty evaluated GRADE approach. identified 16 publications. Moderate found for all-cause mortality (Summary Risk Ratio per 50 g: 1.02; 95% confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03), cardiovascular disease incidence and (per g/d: 1.04; CI: 1.02, 1.06, 1.05; 1.08), type 2 diabetes 10%: 1.12; 1.10, 1.13) colorectal cancer 1.07). For several outcomes such inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, mental health well nutrient quality, similar estimates observed, limited. Discussing concept, it remains unclear whether processing leads increased risks or if is only measure poor diet quality.

Language: Английский

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Designing healthier and more sustainable ultraprocessed foods

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract The food industry has been extremely successful in creating a broad range of delicious, affordable, convenient, and safe beverage products. However, many these products are considered to be ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) that contain ingredients processed manner may cause adverse health effects. This review article introduces the concept UPFs briefly discusses fall into this category, including beverages, baked goods, snacks, confectionary, prepared meals, dressings, sauces, spreads, meat analogs. It then correlations between consumption levels diet‐related chronic diseases, such as obesity diabetes. different reasons for proposed ability increase risk diseases critically assessed, displacement whole foods, high energy densities, missing phytochemicals, contamination with packaging chemicals, hyperpalatability, harmful additives, rapid ingestion digestion, toxic reaction Then, potential strategies overcome current problems presented, reducing density, balancing nutritional profile, fortification, increasing satiety response, modulating mastication reengineering structure, precision processing. central argument is it possible reformulate reengineer improve their healthiness sustainability, although still needs proved using rigorous scientific studies.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Background and aims There is an ongoing debate on whether to advocate reducing ultra-processed food (UPF) in dietary guidelines control metabolic disease (such as obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]). We aimed summarize the evidence from systematic reviews with meta-analyses between UPF consumption diseases risk, assess credibility, verify robustness of these associations. Methods systematically searched PubMed, Web Science, Embase, Cochrane Library databases their inception July 15, 2023, identify relevant meta-analyses. used random-effects model evaluate summary effect size, along 95% confidence interval prediction interval. also assessed heterogeneity, small-study effects excess significance bias, categorized credibility each association based quantitative umbrella review criteria. Additionally, we conducted subgroup sensitivity analyses associations continents, study design, assessment methods, definition methods UPF, population, units consumption. Results Overall, 6 13 were included. Three (23.08%) classified highly suggestive for meeting criteria that significant at p < 10 −6 , had more than 1,000 cases, presented largest 0.05. Among them, highest quantile was associated increased risk (OR = 1.55, CI: 1.36–1.77) when compared lowest quantile. The T2DM (RR 1.40, 1.23–1.59) quantile, a 10% increase (% g/d) 1.12, 1.10–1.13). Meanwhile, verified by series analyses. Conclusion may be factor several diseases. However, well-designed studies are still needed our findings future.

Language: Английский

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Socio-economic difference in purchases of ultra-processed foods in Australia: an analysis of a nationally representative household grocery purchasing panel

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Abstract Background Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risk obesity and non-communicable diseases. Little known about current patterns intake in Australia. The aim this study was to examine the amount type purchased by Australian households 2019 determine whether purchases differed socio-economic status (SES). We also assessed changed between 2015 2019. Methods used grocery purchase data from a nationally representative consumer panel Australia assess packaged unpackaged that were brought home Ultra-processed identified according NOVA system, which classifies nature, extent purpose industrial food processing. Purchases calculated per capita, using two outcomes: grams/day percent total energy. top categories contributing identified, differences SES (Index Relative Social Advantage Disadvantage) survey-weighted linear regression. Changes examined overall mixed models. Results In 2019, mean ± SD made 881.1 511.9 g/d capita. Of this, 424.2 319.0 capita attributable foods, represented 56.4% energy purchased. largest included mass-produced, breads (8.2% purchased), chocolate sweets (5.7%), biscuits crackers (5.7%) ice-cream edible ices (4.3%). significantly higher for lowest compared all other quintiles ( P < 0.001). There no major changes or over five-year period. Conclusions Between have consistently up majority groceries Australians, particularly households. Policies reduce consumption may diet-related health inequalities.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed Foods and Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes: from Evidence to Practice

Current Atherosclerosis Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 849 - 860

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1885)

Published: July 24, 2023

More people now have obesity than suffer from starvation thanks to our modern food system. Agriculture was transformed over the 20th century by a variety of technological advancements that relied heavily on fossil fuels. In United States, government policies and economic incentives led surplus production cheap inputs processed industries produced wide marketed, convenient, rewarding, timesaving, relatively inexpensive ultra-processed foods. The energy available in supply increased much more population needs, albeit with large inequities nutrition security. While most rise per capita availability during late early 21st centuries States resulted waste, mechanisms been proposed which changes increasingly environment excess intake disproportionately genetically susceptible obesity. As populations continue grow, substantial investments coordinated agricultural research are needed transform current system one relies less fuels, preserves biodiversity, ensures environmental health, provides equitable access affordable, safe nutritious reduces prevalence chronic diet-related diseases like This article is part discussion meeting issue ‘Causes obesity: theories, conjectures evidence (Part I)’.

Language: Английский

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How do we differentiate not demonise – Is there a role for healthier processed foods in an age of food insecurity? Proceedings of a roundtable event

Nutrition Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(2), P. 278 - 295

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract The ‘ultra‐processed food’ (UPF) concept, with classification of foods by ‘level processing’ rather than nutrient profiles, and its relationship health outcomes, is currently a topic debate among academics increasingly referred to in the media. British Nutrition Foundation convened virtual roundtable on 6th July 2022 gather views use term (and current definitions of) UPF for public messaging, seeking establish areas consensus disagreement identify topics further research. A small group invited expert stakeholders attended, including representatives from academia, policy, behavioural science, communications, health, food retail consumer interests. Participants' discussions clustered into cogent themes which included: problems UPF, lack causal evidence defined mechanisms linking processing per se poor advice that may result confusion. There was agreement many classified as are high fat, sugars and/or salt messages should continue focus reducing these diet since it unclear whether reported associations between intakes reflect poorer dietary patterns (defined intakes), nutrient‐health relationships well established. Examples misalignment were also highlighted (i.e. some yet recommended food‐based guidelines [featuring healthy patterns]). This raises challenges communication around UPF. Concern expressed about potential unintended consequences, particularly vulnerable groups, where avoid could create stigma guilt due time or facilities prepare cook meals scratch. It impact intakes, represent more affordable sources important nutrients (e.g. packaged wholemeal bread). Discordance concept strategies improve such reformulation, discussed. concluded UK policy guidelines) would be unhelpful at present. Overall, participants felt providing practical selection healthier processed making accessible promoting avoidance latter act demonise all definitions, nutrient‐dense foods.

Language: Английский

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