Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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The health benefits of dietary short-chain fatty acids in metabolic diseases

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a subset of that play crucial roles in maintaining normal physiology and developing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease. Even though dairy products vegetable oils the direct dietary sources SCFAs, their quantities highly restricted. SCFAs produced indirectly through microbial fermentation fibers. The biological human health diseases mainly due to receptors, GPR41 GPR43, FFAR2 FFAR3. Additionally, it has been demonstrated modulate DNMTs HDAC activities, inhibit NF-κB-STAT signaling, regulate G(i/o)βγ-PLC–PKC–PTEN signaling PPARγ-UCP2-AMPK autophagic thus mitigating diseases. Recent studies have uncovered epigenetic modifications DNAs, RNAs, post-translational proteins, which critical regulators At same time, recommendations for purpose proposed. objective review is summarize most recent research on role especially signal transduction functional efficacy different backgrounds models at provide nutritional using food ingredients prevent

Language: Английский

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Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1070 - 1070

Published: April 5, 2024

Background: The equilibrium between gut microbiota (GM) and the host plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health, influencing various physiological metabolic functions. Emerging research suggests that exercise modulates abundance functionality of bacteria, yet comprehensive effects on GM diversity remain to be synthesized. Objectives Design: study aims quantitatively examine effect adults using systemic review meta-analysis approach. Methods: PubMed, Ebsco, Embase, Web Science, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data were searched from their inception September 2023. Exercise intervention studies with control group describe compare composition adults, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, included this meta-analysis. Results: A total 25 1044 participants. Based fixed-effects model [Chi2 = 29.40, df 20 (p 0.08); I2 32%], pooled analysis showed compared group, can significantly increase alpha adult GM, Shannon index as an example [WMD 0.05, 95% CI (0.00, 0.09); Z 1.99 0.05)]. In addition, interventions found alter notably decreasing Bacteroidetes increasing Firmicutes, indicating shift Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. subgroup indicates females older appear exhibit more significant changes Index observed OTUs. Conclusions: may promising way improve adults. particular, was increased after exercise. Distinct responses based gender age implicated needed.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3120 - 3120

Published: July 12, 2023

The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on sensitivity per se, induced by KDs sensitivity. In this review, we discuss scientific evidence direct mediated glycemic status humans, describing KD's biochemical background underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Dietary supplementation of microalgae mitigates the negative effects of heat stress in broilers

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(10), P. 102958 - 102958

Published: July 24, 2023

Heat stress in poultry is a serious concern, affecting their health and productivity. To effectively address the issue of heat stress, it essential to include antioxidant-rich compounds diet ensure proper functioning redox system. Microalgae (Spirulina platensis) are rich antioxidants have several benefits humans animals. However, its role production underlying mechanism heat-stressed broilers poorly understood. This study aimed determine effect microalgae supplementation on broilers. Cobb500 day-old chicks (N = 144) were raised litter floor pens (6 pens/treatment 8 birds/pen). The treatment groups were: 1) no (NHS), 2) (HS), 3) + 3% (HS+MAG). HS+MAG group fed supplemented with microalgae, whereas NHS HS standard broiler diet. Broilers under temperature (20°C-24°C), while subjected cyclic from d 22 35 (32°C-33°C for h). significantly decreased final body weight, increased weight (P < 0.05). expressions ileal antioxidant (GPX3), immune-related (IL4), tight-junction (CLDN2) genes microalgae-supplemented compared villus height crypt depth ratio was improved In addition, microbial alpha, beta diversities higher There an increase volatile fatty acid-producing bacteria at genus level, such as Ruminococcus, Ocillospira, Lactobacillus, Oscillobacter, Flavonifractor, Colidextribacter that received supplementation. conclusion, dietary growth performances by improving physiogenomics. Thus, inclusion can potentially mitigate

Language: Английский

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Trimethylamine N-oxide, choline and its metabolites are associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

British Journal Of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131(11), P. 1915 - 1923

Published: March 6, 2024

Abstract It is inconclusive whether trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and choline related metabolites, namely (TMA), l -carnitine, betaine dimethylglycine (DMG), are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our objective was to investigate these potential associations. Additionally, we sought determine the mediating role of TMAO. In this 1:1 age- sex-matched case–control study, a total 150 pairs comprising NAFLD cases healthy controls were identified. According fully adjusted model, after highest tertile compared lowest tertile, plasma TMAO concentration (OR = 2·02 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·92); P trend 0·003), -carnitine 1·79 (1·01, 3·17); 0·020) DMG 1·81 (1·00, 3·28); 0·014) significantly positively incidence. However, negative association found for 0. 50 (0·28, 0·88); 0·001). The restricted cubic splines model consistently indicated positive dose–response relationships between exposure TMAO, risk, being observed betaine. corresponding AUC increased from 0·685 (0·626, 0·745) in traditional risk factor 0·769 (0·716, 0·822) when its precursors included ( choline) 0·032). Mediation analyses revealed that 14·7 18·6 excess DMG, respectively, mediated by (the values effects 0·021 0·036, respectively). These results suggest higher among Chinese adults provide evidence possible

Language: Английский

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The role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in intestinal inflammation

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 288, P. 127838 - 127838

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Dark Side of Flavonoid: Rutin Provokes Hepatotoxicity in Low-Dose 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] Quinoline-Exposed Mice via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Liver Metabolism

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

2-Amino-3-methylimidazole [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) is a kind of heterocyclic amine (HCAs) with high carcinogenicity in hot processed meat. Rutin (Ru) flavonoid compound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, whether Ru scatheless under IQ-stimulated potential unhealthy conditions, especially liver function, vivo, unknown. In this study, we explored the effects underlying mechanism on injury induced by low dose IQ mice. Results showed that supplement led to upon low-dose alone administration, as shown histological analysis, inflammatory, serum biochemical indexes. Additionally, nontargeted metabolomics analysis revealed coexposure disrupted metabolic balance, leading significant changes metabolites pathways, hinting at possible relationship intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing data indicated combination caused gut microbiota dysbiosis decreased level short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Correlation between microbiota, SCFAs, metabolites, damage markers highlighted crucial role gut-liver axis coexposure-induced vivo. general, study offers valuable perspective flavones HCA compounds realms food safety human health.

Language: Английский

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Roseburia hominis improves host metabolism in diet-induced obesity

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Next-generation live biotherapeutics are promising to aid the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we reported a novel anti-obesity probiotic candidate, Roseburia hominis, that was depleted in stool samples obese subjects compared with lean controls, its abundance negatively correlated body mass index serum triglycerides. Supplementation R. hominis prevented weight gain disorders glucose lipid metabolism, fatty liver, inhibited white adipose tissue expansion brown whitening mice fed high-fat diet, boosted lean-related species. The effects could be partially attributed production nicotinamide riboside upregulation Sirtuin1/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicated is candidate for development next-generation prevention

Language: Английский

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Synbiotics containing sea buckthorn polysaccharides ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice via regulating Th17/Treg homeostasis through intestinal microbiota and their production of BA metabolites and SCFAs

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 133794 - 133794

Published: July 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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