The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 360(6394), P. 1232 - 1235

Published: June 14, 2018

Nocturnal refuge As the human population grows, there are fewer places for animals to live out their lives independently of our influence. Given mostly diurnal tendencies, one domain that remains less affected by humans is night. Gaynor et al. found across globe and mammalian species—from deer coyotes from tigers wild boar—animals becoming more nocturnal (see Perspective Benítez-López). Human activities all kinds, including nonlethal pastimes such as hiking, seem drive make use hours when we not around. Such changes may provide some relief, but they also have ecosystem-level consequences. Science , this issue p. 1232 ; see 1185

Language: Английский

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Landscapes of Fear: Spatial Patterns of Risk Perception and Response

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 355 - 368

Published: Feb. 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape‐scale impacts from mountain lions to mice

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1578 - 1586

Published: July 17, 2019

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape-scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Humans supplanted apex in many systems, and similarly pervasive may now of human 'super predator'. We conducted a playback experiment demonstrating that sound humans speaking generates landscape with effects communities. Large avoided voices moved more cautiously when hearing humans, while medium-sized became elusive reduced foraging. Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use Thus, just predator at multiple trophic levels. Our results indicate globally observed on attributed anthropogenic activity explained by humans.

Language: Английский

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A review of camera trapping for conservation behaviour research

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 109 - 122

Published: June 18, 2017

Abstract An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be effective. However, quantifying the wild animals presents significant challenges. Remote‐sensing camera traps becoming increasingly popular survey instruments that have been used non‐invasively study a variety behaviours, yielding key insights into behavioural repertoires. They well suited ethological studies and provide considerable opportunities for generating conservation‐relevant data novel robust methodological analytical solutions can developed. This paper reviews current state camera‐trap‐based studies, describes new emerging directions in camera‐based behaviour, highlights number limitations considerations particular relevance studies. Three promising areas discussed: (1) documenting anthropogenic impacts on behaviour; (2) incorporating responses management planning (3) using indicators such as giving up densities daily activity patterns. We emphasize importance reporting details, utilizing trap metadata standards central repositories facilitating reproducibility, comparison synthesis across Behavioural their infancy; full potential technology yet unrealized. Researchers encouraged embrace conservation‐driven hypotheses order meet future challenges improve efficacy processes.

Language: Английский

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Fear of the human ‘super predator’ reduces feeding time in large carnivores

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 284(1857), P. 20170433 - 20170433

Published: June 21, 2017

Large carnivores' fear of the human ‘super predator’ has potential to alter their feeding behaviour and result in human-induced trophic cascades. However, it yet be experimentally tested if large carnivores perceive humans as predators react strongly enough have cascading effects on prey. We conducted a predator playback experiment exposing pumas (human) non-predator control (frog) sounds at puma sites measure immediate responses subsequent impacts feeding. found that fled more frequently, took longer return, reduced overall time by than half response hearing predator’. Combined with our previous work showing higher kill rates deer urbanized landscapes, this study reveals is mechanism driving an ecological cascade from increased predation deer. By demonstrating can cause strong reduction pumas, results support non-consumptive forms disturbance may role carnivores.

Language: Английский

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Ecological impacts of human‐induced animal behaviour change

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 1522 - 1536

Published: July 24, 2020

Abstract A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects human activities on animal behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences these behavioural shifts remain largely uninvestigated. While it is understood that, in absence humans, variation behaviour can have cascading species interactions, community structure and ecosystem function, we know little about whether type or magnitude human‐induced translate into detectable change. Here synthesise empirical theory to create a novel framework for examining range behaviourally mediated pathways through which may affect different functions. We highlight few studies that show potential realisation some pathways, but also identify numerous factors dampen prevent consequences. Without deeper understanding risk wasting valuable resources mitigating with relevance, conversely mismanaging situations do drive The presented here be used anticipate nature likelihood outcomes prioritise management among widespread shifts, while suggesting key priorities future research linking ecology.

Language: Английский

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Human presence and human footprint have non-equivalent effects on wildlife spatiotemporal habitat use

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 108383 - 108383

Published: Dec. 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Dynamic landscapes of fear: understanding spatiotemporal risk

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(10), P. 911 - 925

Published: July 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(16), P. 3718 - 3731

Published: April 22, 2021

Abstract Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological life history traits may predict success human‐dominated landscapes such that only with “winning” combinations of will persist disturbed environments. However, this link between successful coexistence humans remains obscured by the complexity anthropogenic disturbances variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal from 61 populations across North America to quantify effects (1) direct presence people (2) human footprint (landscape modification) occurrence levels. Thirty‐three percent exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced or activity) increasing and/or populations, whereas 58% were positively associated disturbance. apparent benefits tended decrease disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative thresholds species’ capacity tolerate exploit landscapes. strong predictors their responses footprint, favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster‐reproducing species. The positive distributed more randomly respect trait values, winners losers range body sizes dietary guilds. Differential some highlight importance considering these two forms separately when estimating impacts wildlife. Our approach provides insights into complex mechanisms through which activities shape communities globally, revealing drivers loss larger predators human‐modified

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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