Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(23)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

ABSTRACT Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper Journal Experimental Biology describing a series clever experiments that provided first empirical test competitive exclusion theory, laying foundation for field remains active today. At time, wrestled with dilemma conducting or field, ultimately deciding progress could be best achieved taking advantage high level control offered experiments. However, physiological often yield different, even contradictory, results when conducted versus settings. This is especially concerning Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond environmental disturbances inform decisions conservation management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms explain disparities between biology field. We propose strategies understanding why these differences occur can use improve our animals. Nearly century beyond Gause's work, still know remarkably little about what makes captive different from ones. Discovering should important goal biologists future.

Language: Английский

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Carryover effects from environmental change in early life: An overlooked driver of the amphibian extinction crisis?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(14), P. 3857 - 3868

Published: April 18, 2023

Ecological carryover effects, or delayed effects of the environment on an organism's phenotype, are central predictors individual fitness and a key issue in conservation biology. Climate change imposes increasingly variable environmental conditions that may be challenging to early life-history stages animals with complex life histories, leading detrimental physiological later life. Yet, latent nature combined long temporal scales over which they can manifest, means this phenomenon remains understudied is often overlooked short-term studies limited single stages. Herein, we review evidence for induced by elevated ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280-400 nm) as potential contributor recent amphibian population declines. UVR exposure causes suite molecular, cellular consequences known underpin other taxa, but there lack research linking embryonic larval exposures post-metamorphosis amphibians. We propose impacts disease-related declines facilitated through bridge increased disease susceptibility post-metamorphosis. conclude identifying practical direction study ecological amphibians could guide future broader field physiology. Only addressing many mechanistic links between elucidated.

Language: Английский

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The challenges, opportunities and future of comparative physiology in the Global South: perspectives of early-career researchers

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(19)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Researchers in the Global South (GS, developing countries) make valuable contributions to field of comparative physiology, but face economic and scientific disparities several unique challenges compared with colleagues North (developed countries). This Perspective highlights some challenges, knowledge gaps opportunity faced by GS researchers, especially those at early-career stages. We propose collaborative solutions help address these issues, advocate for promoting investment cultural societal change a more inclusive research community. Additionally, we highlight role researchers contributing expert on local biodiversity environment; this can shape future allowing us achieve better understanding evolution physiological mechanisms develop innovative environmental biomedical challenges. With Perspective, hope need foster diverse, equitable landscape physiology; one that empowers scientists global associated loss, climate pollution.

Language: Английский

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How can physiology best contribute to wildlife conservation in a warming world?

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5°C by 2033 and 2°C the end of 21st century. This level associated environmental variability are already increasing pressure on natural human systems. Here we emphasize role physiology in light latest assessment climate Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change. We describe how can contribute contemporary conservation programmes. focus thermal responses animals, but acknowledge that impacts change much broader phylogenetically environmentally. A physiological contribution would encompass monitoring, coupled with measuring individual sensitivities temperature upscaling these ecosystem level. The version widely accepted Conservation Standards designed Measures Partnership includes several explicit considerations. argue has a unique play addressing Moreover, be incorporated institutions organizations range from international bodies national governments local communities, doing so, it brings mechanistic approach management biological resources.

Language: Английский

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Capturing wild animal welfare: a physiological perspective

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: Aug. 27, 2023

ABSTRACT Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom because of adaptive advantages they supposed to confer. However, study affective states animals has thus far been largely restricted enhancing welfare managed by humans in non‐natural contexts. Given diversity wild and variable conditions can experience, extending studies on natural that most experience will allow us broaden deepen our general understanding welfare. Yet, this same makes examining highly challenging. There is therefore a need for unifying theoretical frameworks methodological approaches guide researchers keen engage promising research area. The aim article help advance important area highlighting central relationship between physiology rectify its apparent oversight, revealed current scientific literature animals. Moreover, emphasises including physiological markers assess (e.g. objectivity, comparability, condition range, temporality), well their concomitant limitations only access peripheral with complex relationships states). Best‐practice recommendations replication multifactorial approaches) also provided be used effectively appropriately when assessing habitat. This review seeks provide foundation new distinct vast applied potential: physiology.

Language: Английский

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100 key questions to guide hydropeaking research and policy

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 113729 - 113729

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

As the share of renewable energy grows worldwide, flexible production from peak-operating hydropower and phenomenon hydropeaking have received increasing attention. In this study, we collected open research questions 220 experts in river science, practice, policy across globe using an online survey available six languages related to hydropeaking. We used a systematic method determining expert consensus (Delphi method) identify 100 high-priority following thematic fields: (a) hydrology, (b) physico-chemical properties water, (c) morphology sediment dynamics, (d) ecology biology, (e) socio-economic topics, (f) markets, (g) regulation, (h) management mitigation measures. The list shall inform guide researchers focusing their efforts foster better science-policy interface, thereby improving sustainability variety settings. find that there is already strong understanding ecological impact efficient techniques support sustainable hydropower. Yet, disconnect remains its implementation.

Language: Английский

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Fish mortality in the Amazonian drought of 2023: the role of experimental biology in our response to climate change

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(17)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Higher temperatures exacerbate drought conditions by increasing evaporation rates, reducing soil moisture and altering precipitation patterns. As global rise as a result of climate change, these effects intensify, leading to more frequent severe droughts. This link between higher is particularly evident in sensitive ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest, where reduced rainfall rates significantly lower water levels, threatening biodiversity human livelihoods. an example, serious experienced basin 2023 resulted significant decline fish populations. Elevated temperatures, reaching up 38°C, led mass mortality events, because surpass thermal tolerance many Amazonian species. We know this our group has collected data on critical maxima (CTmax) for various species over multiple years. Additionally, warmer waters can cause hypoxia, further exacerbating mortality. Thus, even species, which have relatively high tolerance, are being impacted change. The underscores urgent need action mitigate devastating biodiversity. fact that we been able events fishes emphasizes important role experimental biology elucidating mechanisms behind aim highlight Perspective.

Language: Английский

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Metal and metalloid maternal transfer in a newborn West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) two years after the northeastern oil spill disaster of 2019 in Brazil

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 116147 - 116147

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Different roads, same destination: The shared future of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(9), P. 3447 - 3465

Published: May 10, 2024

Terrestrial water fluxes are substantially mediated by vegetation, while the distribution, growth, health, and mortality of plants strongly influenced availability water. These interactions, playing out across multiple spatial temporal scales, link disciplines plant ecophysiology ecohydrology. Despite this connection, have provided complementary, but largely independent, perspectives on soil-plant-atmosphere continuum since their crystallization as modern scientific in late 20th century. This review traces development two disciplines, from respective origins engineering ecology, independent growth maturation, eventual common conceptual quantitative frameworks. ground has allowed explicit coupling to better understand function. Case studies both illuminate limitations working isolation, reveal exciting possibilities created consilience between disciplines. The histories suggest opportunities for new advances will arise sharing methodologies, levels complexity, leveraging observational technologies. Practically, these exchanges can be supported creating shared spaces. argues that collaboration essential robust evidence-based predictions policy responses under global change.

Language: Английский

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Individual variation, personality, and the ability of animals to cope with climate change

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

The Sixth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change describes negative effects climate change animals occurring a larger scale than previously appreciated. Animal species are increasingly experiencing more frequent and extreme weather in comparison with conditions which evolved. Individual variation behavioural physiological responses to stimuli from environment is ubiquitous across all species. Populations relatively high levels individual likely be able survive range environmental cope populations low variation. Behavioural linked animals, personality can defined as consistent changes their immediate environment. Glucocorticoids (cortisol corticosterone) hormones that, addition metabolic roles, released when neuroendocrine stress system activated response perceived threatening. size glucocorticoid an animal indication animal’s personality. Animals reactive personalities have responses, slow thorough explore new situations, flexible changing or unpredictable proactive personalities. better due A reaction norm shows relationship between phenotype conditions, slope for measure phenotypic plasticity. If slopes not parallel, there plasticity norms will that adjust situation little plasticity, so persist environments change. Future studies help understanding how may

Language: Английский

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