Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. cow046 - cow046

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

The state of the art research on environmental physiology marine fishes is reviewed from perspective how it can contribute to conservation biodiversity and fishery resources. A major constraint application physiological knowledge for limited base; international collaboration needed study a wider range species. Multifactorial field laboratory studies biomarkers hold promise relate ecophysiology directly habitat quality population status. 'Fry paradigm' could have broad applications if provides universal mechanism link function with ecological performance dynamics fishes, through effects abiotic conditions aerobic metabolic scope. available data indicate, however, that paradigm not universal, so further required wide diversity Fish physiologists should interact closely researchers developing models, in order investigate integrating information improves confidence projecting global change; example, mechanistic models define suitability based upon potential scope or outputs dynamic energy budget. One challenge upscaling individuals level species communities incorporating intraspecific variation, which be crucial component species' resilience change. Understanding what do wild also challenge, but techniques biotelemetry biologging are providing novel towards effective conservation. Overall, fish must strive render more applicable management decision-making. There various avenues flow, shorter term biomarker longer by collaborating modellers biologists.

Language: Английский

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Conservation physiology of animal migration

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. cov072 - cov072

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Migration is a widespread phenomenon among many taxa. This complex behaviour enables animals to exploit temporally productive and spatially discrete habitats accrue various fitness benefits (e.g. growth, reproduction, predator avoidance). Human activities global environmental change represent potential threats migrating (from individuals species), research underway understand mechanisms that control migration how responds modern challenges. Focusing on behavioural physiological aspects of can help provide better understanding, management conservation migratory populations. Here, we highlight different physiological, biomechanical animal will us interact with current future anthropogenic threats. We are in the early stages changing planet, our understanding physiology linked persistence still developing; therefore, regard following questions as being central migrations. Will climate influence energetic costs migration? shifting temperatures annual clocks animals? influences have an effect orientation during increased alteration stopover sites/migration corridors affect stress Can knowledge be used identify strategies for facilitating movement Our synthesis reveals given inherent challenges migration, additional stressors derived from altered environments change, physical habitat alteration, light pollution) or interaction human infrastructure wind hydrokinetic turbines, dams) fisheries) could lead long-term changes phenotypes. However, uncertainty remains because complexity biological systems, inherently dynamic nature environment scale at which migrations occur associated operate, necessitating improved integration approaches animals.

Language: Английский

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Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 29, 2017

Identifying the early warning signals of catastrophic extinctions has recently become a central focus for ecologists, but species' functional responses to environmental changes remain an untapped source sharpening such signals. Telomere length (TL) analysis represents promising molecular tool with which raise alarm regarding population decline, since telomere attrition is associated aging processes and accelerates after recurrent exposure stressors. In southern margin their range, populations common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) became extinct at lowest elevations due in climate conditions. However, proximal involved these demographic declines are still unknown. Here, we sampled 100 yearling lizards from 10 natural (n = per population) along extinction risk gradient. Relative abundance dramatically dropped over 12 years low-altitude characterized by warmer ambient temperatures higher body growth life. A non-linear relationship was found between TL risk, shorter telomeres facing high when compared non-threatened ones. Our results identify as biomarker imply that might be preceded loop physiological aging.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive endocrine response to acute stress in the bottlenose dolphin from serum, blubber, and feces

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 178 - 193

Published: May 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Use of physiological knowledge to control the invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is an example using physiological knowledge to successfully invasive species and rehabilitate ecosystem valuable fishery. The parasitic sea contributed devastating collapse native fish communities after invading during 1800s early 1900s. Economic tragedy ensued with loss fishery severe impacts property values tourism resulting from lamprey-induced ecological changes. To once vibrant economy, Fishery Commission (Commission) was formed by treaty between Canada United States 1955. has developed a programme based on their vulnerabilities, which includes (i) application selective pesticides (lampricides), kill sedentary larvae natal streams; (ii) barriers spawning migrations associated traps prevent infestations upstream habitats remove adult before they reproduce; (iii) release sterilized males reduce reproductive potential populations select streams. Since 1958, suppressed ~90% peak abundance. have rebounded economy now thriving. In hopes further enhancing efficacy selectivity programme, exploring use chemosensory cues (pheromones alarm cues) manipulate behaviours physiologies, genetics identify genes key functions, for purposes. Overall, capitalizes unique physiology strives develop diverse integrated species.

Language: Английский

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Baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels across birds and reptiles do not reflect urbanization levels

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2019

Rates of human-induced environmental change continue increasing with human population size, potentially altering animal physiology and negatively affecting wildlife. Researchers often use glucocorticoid concentrations (hormones that can be associated stressors) to gauge the impact anthropogenic factors (e.g. urbanization, noise light pollution). Yet, no general relationships between glucocorticoids have emerged. Given number recent studies reporting baseline stress-induced corticosterone (the primary in birds reptiles) worldwide, it is now possible conduct large-scale comparative analyses test for associations disturbance across species. Additionally, we control may influence context, such as life history stage, conditions urban adaptability a Here, take phylogenetically informed approach data from HormoneBase if are valid indicators exposure footprint index, density, artificial at night reptiles. Our results show negative relationship characterized avoiders. While our indicate avoiders more sensitive than other species, overall study suggests varies species contexts; found impacts birds, nor Therefore, should not assumed high or low levels levels, respectively, closely related even individuals, will respond similarly. Moving forward, measuring alternative physiological traits alongside reproductive success, health survival provide context better understand potential effects change.

Language: Английский

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How experimental biology and ecology can support evidence-based decision-making in conservation: avoiding pitfalls and enabling application

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Policy development and management decisions should be based upon the best available evidence. In recent years, approaches to evidence synthesis, originating in medical realm (such as systematic reviews), have been applied conservation promote evidence-based environmental management. Systematic reviews involve a critical appraisal of evidence, but studies that lack necessary rigour (e.g. experimental, technical analytical aspects) justify their conclusions are typically excluded from or down-weighted terms influence. One strengths physiology is reliance on experimental help more clearly establish cause-and-effect relationships. Indeed, biology ecology much offer building base needed inform policy options related pressing issues such enacting endangered species recovery plans evaluating effectiveness interventions. Here, we identify number pitfalls can prevent findings being relevant would lead exclusion down-weighting during review. We conclude well positioned support conservation, provided designs robust physiologists understand nuances associated with informing decision-making processes so they relevant.

Language: Английский

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One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners policy makers. Relevant robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with actionable evidence needed to inform decisions. In Anthropocene, science that leads meaningful improvements in conservation, restoration management desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline well-positioned identify mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses environmental test different situ ex interventions diverse taxa ecosystems. Here we present consensus list 10 priority research themes. Within each theme specific questions (100 total), answers which will address problems should improve biological resources. The themes frame set related following: (i) adaptation phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human–induced change; (iii) human–wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) actions; (ix) threatened (x) urban systems. hopefully guide inspire researchers while also helping demonstrate makers many ways physiology can help support their

Language: Английский

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Exploiting common senses: sensory ecology meets wildlife conservation and management

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract Multidisciplinary approaches to conservation and wildlife management are often effective in addressing complex, multi-factor problems. Emerging fields such as physiology behaviour can provide innovative solutions strategies for target species systems. Sensory ecology combines the study of ‘how animals acquire’ process sensory stimuli from their environments, ecological evolutionary significance respond’ this information. We review benefits that bring by discussing case studies across major taxa modalities. Conservation practices informed a approach include amelioration traps, control invasive species, reduction human–wildlife conflicts relocation establishment new populations endangered species. illustrate facilitate understanding mechanistic physiological explanations underlying particular issues also help develop ameliorate

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of baseline corticosterone as a monitoring tool for fitness: a meta-analysis in seabirds

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 183(2), P. 353 - 365

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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