Exploring the Immunological Aspects and Treatments of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1295 - 1295

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more consecutive losses before 24 weeks gestation. It affects 3-5% women who are attempting to conceive. RPL can stem from a variety causes and frequently associated with psychological distress diminished quality life. By contrast, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers inability achieve successful after three high-quality embryo transfers at least instances egg donation. RIF shares several causative factors RPL. The immunological underpinnings these conditions involve alterations in uterine NK cells, reductions M2 macrophages myeloid-derived suppressor an increased Th1/Th2 ratio, decreased Treg/Th17 presence shared ≥3 HLA alleles between partners, autoimmune disorders. Various therapeutic approaches have been employed address concerns, achieving varying degrees success, although some therapies remain contentious within medical community. This review intends explore implicated analyze treatments for conditions, which may include steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, calcineurin inhibitors, anti-TNF antibodies, intralipid infusions, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, lymphocyte immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for improving endometrial receptivity in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of the available evidence

Reproductive BioMedicine Online, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 104381 - 104381

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vaginal dysbiosis and the potential of vaginal microbiome-directed therapeutics

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

A healthy vaginal microbiome (VMB) is dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Vaginal dysbiosis, characterized loss dominance increase microbial diversity, has been linked to an increased risk adverse genital tract diseases, including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy complications such as preterm birth. Currently, antibiotics antifungals are recommended first-line treatments with high cure rates, but they also can lead recurrence resistance development. As alternative, lactobacilli have utilized restore microbiota. In this review article, we discuss dysbiosis in various gynecological infections potential interventions based on Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) a focus those that use intravaginal treatment modalities modulate VMB. Based these, provide insights key factors consider designing phenotypic genotypic screens for selecting strains vaginally administered microbiome-directed therapeutics. Lastly, highlight current progress within field, overview LBPs currently being developed published clinical trial completion recurrent BV, VVC, UTI. We regulatory challenges drug development process harmonize future research efforts VMB therapy.

Language: Английский

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Endometrial factors and pregnancy loss frequency in recurrent pregnancy loss patients: comparing RT-PCR microbiology, microbial cultures, and immunohistochemistry of endometrium biopsy

Journal of Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the presence bacteria in endometrial samples from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and explore potential correlations between bacterial presence, chronic endometritis, previous history. Endometrial 90 RPL were analysed using RT-PCR detect 10 specific species. A subgroup 65 underwent additional microbial culture immunohistochemistry for plasma cell identification. Correlations number losses evaluated. We detected at least one out chosen DNA by 24.4% (22/90) samples. Patients PCR-identified had a significantly higher (median 3 vs 2, p = 0.01). No correlation was observed endometritis diagnosis. significant found detection PCR ( 0.03), though methods fewer positive cases. In patients, detecting selected species correlates losses. However, does not correlate diagnosis based on CD138 immunohistochemistry-identified count. These findings suggest role that may be independent classical inflammatory response associated endometritis.

Language: Английский

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The alteration of uterine microbiota participated in the activation of the decidual inflammatory response in early spontaneous abortion

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0317595 - e0317595

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background Early spontaneous abortion (ESA) is one of the most common clinically recognized pregnancy complications. While multiple factors such as embryo abnormalities and maternal conditions may contribute to ESA, early identification screening risk are increasingly important explore potential etiologies improve prevention treatment strategies for ESA. This study investigates changes in uterine microbiota decidual immune response ESA patients without abnormalities. Methods abnormality artificial (AA) controls were enrolled clinical characteristics analysis. The endometrium was subsequently collected histological evaluation inflammatory indicator detection. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing secretions performed investigate differences microorganisms between AA groups. Results Clinical analysis showed higher with elevated neutrophil counts patients. increase leukocytes, including neutrophils, positively correlated presented significantly increased IL-1β expression stromal cells. revealed greater diversity group, which decreased Lactobacillus abundance other bacteria at genus species levels. Conclusions Changes microbiome likely related lead loss.

Language: Английский

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Correlation between Lactobacillus of Vaginal Microbiota and the Pregnancy Outcomes for Patients Experiencing Recurrent Miscarriage

Reproductive Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular and biological markers for assessing endometrial receptivity in infertile women: A narrative review

Journal of International Medical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Successful embryo implantation relies on quality, endometrial receptivity, and the synchronized development of both. In recent years, methods for assessing receptivity have considerably advanced, shifting from traditional imaging techniques to modern molecular biology approaches. The evaluation thickness, morphology, subendometrial blood flow, peristalsis before has become less prominent, whereas markers such as pinopodes, integrin αvβ3, its ligand osteopontin, homologous box gene A10 are widely used in clinical practice receptivity. To provide a comprehensive overview, this narrative review systematically searched PubMed Web Science studies assessment infertile women over past two decades, with focus both experimental research. This examined advancements morphological markers, receptivity–related genes, microbiota, other emerging indicators, emphasizing their potential optimizing improving success rates assisted reproductive technologies. Notably, array testing uterine microbiome analysis gained substantial attention personalized diagnosis treatment. aims scientific insights precise infertility diagnostics individualized treatment strategies while offering recommendations future research development.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL); More than a Simple Connection

Published: July 9, 2024

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) affects 1-2% of women, and its triggering factors are unclear. Several studies have shown the vaginal, endometrial, gut microbiota may play a role in RPL. A decrease quantity Lactobacillus crispatus local has been associated with an increase (vaginal endometrial) inflammatory response immune cell activation that leads to pregnancy loss. The be triggered by gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), viral infections, mycosis, or atypia (tumor growth). Bacterial structures metabolites produced could involved modulation responsible for molecular mimicry. Gut metabolic products amount circulating pro-inflammatory lymphocytes, which, turn, will migrate into vaginal endometrial tissues. Local proinflammatory Th1 Th17 subpopulations along Treg tolerogenic NK cells accountable modulate increasing success. Analyzing necessary characterize some RPL patients. Although oral supplementation probiotics not modify microbiota, it benefit transplantation vagina enhance required achieve normal pregnancy. effect hormone stimulation progesterone maintain early on adequately studied, more research is needed this area. Well-designed clinical trials ascertain

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL); More than a Simple Connection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1641 - 1641

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) affects 1–2% of women, and its triggering factors are unclear. Several studies have shown that the vaginal, endometrial, gut microbiota may play a role in RPL. A decrease quantity Lactobacillus crispatus local has been associated with an increase (vaginal endometrial) inflammatory response immune cell activation leads to pregnancy loss. The be triggered by gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), viral infections, mycosis, or atypia (tumor growth). Bacterial structures metabolites produced could involved modulation responsible for molecular mimicry. Gut metabolic products amount circulating pro-inflammatory lymphocytes, which, turn, will migrate into vaginal endometrial tissues. Local Th1 Th17 subpopulations Treg tolerogenic NK cells accountable modulate response, increasing success. Analyzing necessary characterize some RPL patients. Although oral supplementation probiotics not modify microbiota, it benefit transplantation vagina enhance required achieve normal pregnancy. effect hormone stimulation progesterone maintain early on adequately studied, more research is needed this area. Well-designed clinical trials ascertain

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiomes in Infertility and Their Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes in Light of Recent Literature

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 13227 - 13227

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), initiated in 2007, aimed to gather comprehensive knowledge create a genetic and metabolic map of human-associated microorganisms their contribution physiological states predisposition certain diseases. Research has revealed that the human microbiome is highly diverse exhibits significant interpersonal variability; consequently, its exact impact on health remains unclear. With development next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, broad spectrum microbial communities been better characterized. lower female genital tract, particularly vagina, colonized by various bacterial species, with

Language: Английский

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