TIR-catalyzed nucleotide signaling molecules in plant defense

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 102334 - 102334

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Toll and interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a conserved immune module in prokaryotes eukaryotes. Signaling regulated by TIR-only proteins or TIR domain-containing intracellular receptors critical for plant immunity. Recent studies demonstrated that domains function as enzymes encoding variety of activities, which manifest different mechanisms regulation These enzymatic activities catalyze metabolism NAD+, ATP other nucleic acids, generating structurally diversified nucleotide metabolites. roles have been revealed some products can act second messengers to induce Herein, we summarize our current knowledge about catalytic production these metabolites their signaling. We also highlight outstanding questions are likely be the focus future investigations TIR-produced signaling molecules.

Language: Английский

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Ptr1 and ZAR1 immune receptors confer overlapping and distinct bacterial pathogen effector specificities

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(5), P. 1935 - 1953

Published: June 19, 2023

Summary Some nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) indirectly detect pathogen effectors by monitoring their host targets. In Arabidopsis thaliana , RIN4 is targeted multiple sequence‐unrelated activates immune responses mediated RPM1 RPS2. These trigger cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana but the corresponding NLRs have yet not been identified. To identify N. (NbNLRs) that recognize RIN4‐targeting effectors, we conducted a rapid reverse genetic screen using an NbNLR VIGS library. We identified homolog of Ptr1 (Pseudomonas tomato race 1) recognizes Pseudomonas AvrRpt2, AvrRpm1, AvrB. demonstrated recognition Xanthomonas effector AvrBsT HopZ5 conferred independently ZAR1. Interestingly, contributed unequally ZAR1 Capsicum annuum . addition, showed RLCK XII family protein JIM2 required for NbZAR1‐dependent HopZ5. The NbPtr1 NbZAR1 provides additional example convergently evolved recognition. Identification key components involved ZAR1‐mediated immunity could reveal unique mechanisms expanded

Language: Английский

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Cavity surface residues of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer signaling specificity in plant immunity

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(5), P. 1415 - 1432

Published: March 24, 2022

Arabidopsis pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is controlled by a family of three lipase-like proteins (EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101) two subfamilies HET-S/LOB-B (HeLo)-domain "helper" nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeats (ADR1s NRG1s). EDS1-PAD4 dimers cooperate with ADR1s, EDS1-SAG101 NRG1s, in separate defense-promoting modules. EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 complexes were detected immune-activated leaf extracts but the molecular determinants for specific complex formation function remain unknown. EDS1 signaling mediated C-terminal EP domain (EPD) surface surrounding cavity formed heterodimer. Here we investigated whether EPDs PAD4 SAG101 contribute to dimer functions. Using structure-guided approach, undertook comprehensive mutational analysis PAD4. We identify conserved residues (Arg314 Lys380) lining EPD that are essential EDS1-PAD4-mediated resistance, dispensable PAD4-mediated restriction green peach aphid infestation. Positionally equivalent Met304 Arg373 at required promotion ETI-related cell death. In interactome ETI-activated tissues, PAD4R314A SAG101M304R variants maintain interaction lose association, respectively, helper ADR1-L1 NRG1.1, other immune-related proteins. Our data reveal fundamental contribution similar non-identical surfaces protein interactions immunity.

Language: Английский

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Variation in plant Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain protein dependence on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 191(1), P. 626 - 642

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are integral to immune systems across all kingdoms. In plants, TIRs present in nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors, NLR-like, and TIR-only proteins. Although TIR-NLR TIR signaling plants require the ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) protein family, persist species that have no EDS1 members. To assess whether particular groups evolved with EDS1, we searched for TIR-EDS1 co-occurrence patterns. Using a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of from 39 algal land plant species, identified 4 families shared by several orders. One group occurred TIR-NLRs eudicots another magnoliids. Two further were more widespread. A conserved co-occurred members this elicit EDS1-dependent cell death. contrast, maize (Zea mays) representative proteins tetratricopeptide repeats was also without induced EDS1-independent Our data provide phylogeny-based classification identify appear dependent on while others activity.

Language: Английский

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Connecting the dots between cell surface- and intracellular-triggered immune pathways in plants

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 102276 - 102276

Published: Aug. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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