Basal expression of immune receptor genes requires low levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid DOI Creative Commons
Tijmen van Butselaar,

Savani S. Silva,

Dmitry Lapin

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 16, 2023

Abstract The hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in plant immunity by activating responses that arrest pathogen ingress. Since SA accumulation also penalizes growth, the question remains why healthy plants synthesize this hormone. By overexpressing SA-inactivating hydroxylases Arabidopsis thaliana , we reveal basal levels unchallenged are needed for expression of selected immune receptor and signaling genes, thereby enabling early detection activation immunity.

Language: Английский

Plant and prokaryotic TIR domains generate distinct cyclic ADPR NADase products DOI Creative Commons
Adam M. Bayless, Sisi Chen, Sam C. Ogden

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(11)

Published: March 17, 2023

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain proteins function in cell death and immunity. In plants bacteria, TIR domains are often enzymes that produce isomers of cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphate–ribose (cADPR) as putative immune signaling molecules. The identity functional conservation cADPR isomer signals is unclear. A previous report found a plant could cross-activate the prokaryotic Thoeris TIR–immune system, suggesting TIR-immune signals. Here, we generate autoactive TIRs test converse hypothesis: Do also immunity? Using planta vitro assays, find overlapping sets further clarify how activate system via producing 3′cADPR. This study demonstrates requirements for systems distinct across kingdoms diversity small-molecule products.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
High-quality assembled and annotated genomes of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana reveal chromosome evolution and changes in defense arsenals DOI Creative Commons
Jubin Wang, Qingling Zhang, Jeffrey J. Tung

et al.

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 423 - 437

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Nicotiana tabacum and benthamiana are widely used models in plant biology research. However, genomic studies of these species have lagged. Here we report the chromosome-level reference genome assemblies for N. with an estimated 99.5% 99.8% completeness, respectively. Sensitive transcription start termination site sequencing methods were developed accurate gene annotation tabacum. Comparative analyses revealed evidence parental origins chromosome structural changes, leading to hybrid formation each species. Interestingly, antiviral silencing genes RDR1, RDR6, DCL2, DCL3, AGO2 lost from one or both subgenomes benthamiana, while homeologs kept Furthermore, encodes fewer immune receptors signaling components than that These findings uncover possible reasons underlying hypersusceptible nature benthamiana. We user-friendly Nicomics (http://lifenglab.hzau.edu.cn/Nicomics/) web server facilitate better use resources as well structure expression analyses.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective DOI Creative Commons
Federica Locci, Jane E. Parker

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular receptors to detect pathogen attack trigger innate immune responses. Inside host cells, families of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as sensors or downstream mediators defence outputs cell death, which prevent disease. Established genetic underpinnings NLR-mediated immunity revealed various strategies plants adopt combat rapidly evolving microbial pathogens. The molecular mechanisms NLR activation signal transmission components controlling execution were less clear. Here, we review recent protein structural biochemical insights plant sensor signalling functions. When put together, the data show how different families, whether transducers, converge on nucleotide-based second messengers cellular calcium confer immunity. Although pathogen-activated NLRs in engage plant-specific machineries promote defence, comparisons with mammalian receptor counterparts highlight some shared working principles for across kingdoms.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Convergent reduction of immune receptor repertoires during plant adaptation to diverse special lifestyles and habitats DOI

Sai-Xi Li,

Yang Liu, Yanmei Zhang

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The evolution of plant NLR immune receptors and downstream signal components DOI
Yang Liu, Yanmei Zhang, Yao Tang

et al.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 102363 - 102363

Published: April 23, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

27
TIR-domain enzymatic activities at the heart of plant immunity DOI Creative Commons
Federica Locci, Junli Wang, Jane E. Parker

et al.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 102373 - 102373

Published: May 5, 2023

Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and plants, mammals bacteria, some TIRs have enzymatic functions that crucial for disease resistance and/or cell death. Many plant TIR-only pathogen effector-activated TIR-domain NLR receptors NAD+ hydrolysing enzymes. Biochemical, structural functional studies established both TIR-protein types, certain bacterial TIRs, NADase activity generates bioactive signalling intermediates which promote resistance. A set of TIR-catalysed nucleotide isomers was discovered bind activate EDS1 complexes, promoting their interactions with co-functioning helper NLRs. Analysis enzymes across kingdoms fills an important gap understanding how disturbance induces TIR-regulated immune responses.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
New Biochemical Principles for NLR Immunity in Plants DOI Creative Commons
Jijie Chai, Wen Song, Jane E. Parker

et al.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 468 - 475

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

While working for the United States Department of Agriculture on North Dakota Agricultural College campus in Fargo, Dakota, 1940s and 1950s, Harold H. Flor formulated genetic principles coevolving plant host-pathogen interactions that govern disease resistance or susceptibility. His ‘gene-for-gene’ legacy runs deep modern pathology continues to inform molecular models immune recognition signaling. In this review, we discuss recent biochemical insights immunity conferred by nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) receptors, which are major gene-for-gene determinants nature cultivated crops. Structural analyses pathogen-activated NLR oligomers (resistosomes) reveal how different subtypes converge various ways calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling promote pathogen host cell death. Especially striking is identification nucleotide-based signals generated enzymatically toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain NLRs. These small molecules part an emerging family TIR-produced cyclic noncyclic nucleotide steer cell-death responses bacteria, mammals, plants. A combined genetic, molecular, understanding activation provides exciting new opportunities combatting diseases [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

26
The N-terminal domains of NLR immune receptors exhibit structural and functional similarities across divergent plant lineages DOI Creative Commons
Khong‐Sam Chia, Jiorgos Kourelis, Albin Teulet

et al.

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 2491 - 2511

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding plant NLR structure function is limited to the evolutionarily young flowering clade. Here, we describe an extended spectrum diversity across divergent lineages demonstrate structural functional similarities N-terminal domains that trigger responses. We show broadly distributed coiled-coil (CC) toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) families nonflowering plants retain immune-related functions through translineage activation cell death angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana. further examined CC subfamily specific uncovered essential MAEPL motif functionally comparable with motifs resistosome-forming CC-NLRs. Consistent conserved role immunity, ectopic CCMAEPL liverwort Marchantia polymorpha led profound growth inhibition, defense gene activation, signatures death. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analyses activity delineated common CC-mediated program shared Collectively, findings highlight ancestral nature NLR-mediated immunity during evolution dates its origin at least ∼500 million years ago.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Cytoplasmic calcium influx mediated by plant MLKLs confers TNL-triggered immunity DOI Creative Commons

Qiaochu Shen,

Keiichi Hasegawa,

Nicole Oelerich

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 453 - 465.e6

Published: March 20, 2024

The plant homolog of vertebrate necroptosis inducer mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) contributes to downstream steps in Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain NLR (TNL)-receptor-triggered immunity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis MLKL1 (AtMLKL1) clusters into puncta at the plasma membrane upon TNL activation and this sub-cellular reorganization is dependent on signal transducer, EDS1. We find AtMLKLs confer TNL-triggered immunity parallel with RPW8-type HeLo-domain-containing NLRs (RNLs) AtMLKL N-terminal HeLo indispensable for both clustering. mediates cytoplasmic Ca

Language: Английский

Citations

12
A canonical protein complex controls immune homeostasis and multipathogen resistance DOI

Yue Wu,

Weiying Xu, Guoyan Zhao

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6728), P. 1405 - 1412

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

The calcium (Ca

Language: Английский

Citations

8