Utilising natural diversity of kinases to rationally engineer interactions with the angiosperm immune receptor ZAR1 DOI Creative Commons
Nathan Diplock, Maël Baudin,

Leslie A. Harden

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 2238 - 2254

Published: May 9, 2023

Abstract The highly conserved angiosperm immune receptor HOPZ‐ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) recognises the activity of diverse pathogen effector proteins by monitoring ZED1‐related kinase (ZRK) family. Understanding how ZAR1 achieves interaction specificity for ZRKs may allow expansion ZAR1‐kinase recognition repertoire to achieve novel outside model species. We took advantage natural diversity Arabidopsis thaliana kinases probe interface and found that A. (AtZAR1) can interact with most ZRKs, except ZRK7. evidence alternative splicing ZRK7 , resulting in a protein AtZAR1. Despite high sequence conservation ZAR1, interspecific ZAR1‐ZRK pairings resulted autoactivation cell death. showed interacts greater than previously thought, while still possessing capacity interactions. Finally, using AtZAR1‐ZRK data, we rationally increased ZRK10 strength AtZAR1, demonstrating feasibility rational design ZAR1‐interacting kinase. Overall, our findings advance understanding rules governing specificity, promising future directions expanding immunodiversity.

Language: Английский

The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment DOI Creative Commons
Jonathan D. G. Jones, Brian J. Staskawicz, Jeffery L. Dangl

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(9), P. 2095 - 2116

Published: April 1, 2024

Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance specific isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence focus on model plants genetics genomics research, has provided rich resources molecular biological exploration last 50 years. These studies led identification of extracellular intracellular receptors that convert recognition microbe-encoded patterns or pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. receptor systems, downstream responses, define plant immune systems have evolved since migration land ∼500 million Our current understanding provides platform development rational enhancement control many continue plague crop production.

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective DOI Creative Commons
Federica Locci, Jane E. Parker

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular receptors to detect pathogen attack trigger innate immune responses. Inside host cells, families of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as sensors or downstream mediators defence outputs cell death, which prevent disease. Established genetic underpinnings NLR-mediated immunity revealed various strategies plants adopt combat rapidly evolving microbial pathogens. The molecular mechanisms NLR activation signal transmission components controlling execution were less clear. Here, we review recent protein structural biochemical insights plant sensor signalling functions. When put together, the data show how different families, whether transducers, converge on nucleotide-based second messengers cellular calcium confer immunity. Although pathogen-activated NLRs in engage plant-specific machineries promote defence, comparisons with mammalian receptor counterparts highlight some shared working principles for across kingdoms.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
From plant immunity to crop disease resistance DOI Creative Commons
Yan Zhao, Xiaobo Zhu, Xuewei Chen

et al.

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(8), P. 693 - 703

Published: June 18, 2022

Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide. Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective sustainable approach control diseases. In last decade, our understanding at both molecular genomic levels has improved greatly. Combined with advances biotechnologies, particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing, we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes engineer disease-resistance plants like never before. this review, summarize current knowledge outline existing strategies for disease plants. We also discuss challenges field suggest directions future studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Jurassic NLR: Conserved and dynamic evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor ZAR1 DOI
Hiroaki Adachi, Toshiyuki Sakai, Jiorgos Kourelis

et al.

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 3662 - 3685

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors generally exhibit hallmarks of rapid evolution, even at the intraspecific level. We used iterative sequence similarity searches coupled with phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct evolutionary history HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1), an atypically conserved NLR that traces its origin early flowering plant lineages ∼220 150 million yrs ago (Jurassic period). discovered 120 ZAR1 orthologs in 88 species, including monocot Colocasia esculenta, magnoliid Cinnamomum micranthum, and most eudicots, notably Ranunculales species Aquilegia coerulea, which is outside core eudicots. Ortholog revealed highly features ZAR1, regions for pathogen effector recognition cell death activation. functionally reconstructed activity partner receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) from distantly related experimentally validating hypothesis evolved RLCKs evolution. In addition, acquired novel molecular features. cassava (Manihot esculenta) cotton (Gossypium spp.), carries a C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain, several taxa, duplicated into 2 paralog families, underwent distinct paths. stands out among angiosperm genes having experienced relatively limited duplication expansion throughout deep history. Nonetheless, also gave rise noncanonical NLRs integrated domains degenerated

Language: Английский

Citations

33
An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana DOI Creative Commons
Hiroaki Adachi, Toshiyuki Sakai, Adeline Harant

et al.

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e1010500 - e1010500

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured sensor helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana other Solanaceae, (NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH) forms up to half NLRome, NRCs are scattered throughout genome gene clusters varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical member family that lacks canonical features these proteins, functional N-terminal MADA motif capacity trigger autoimmunity. contrast NRCs, systemic silencing NRCX N . markedly impairs growth resulting dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism silenced is partially dependent on paralogs NRC2 NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact when systemically, spot mature leaves doesn’t result visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration expression modulates hypersensitive response mediated by NRC3 manner consistent with role for network. We conclude contribute homeostasis this unlinked

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Activation of plant immunity through conversion of a helper NLR homodimer into a resistosome DOI Creative Commons
Muniyandi Selvaraj, AmirAli Toghani, Hsuan Pai

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. e3002868 - e3002868

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins can engage in complex interactions to detect pathogens execute a robust immune response via downstream helper NLRs. However, the biochemical mechanisms of NLR activation by upstream sensor NLRs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that coiled-coil NRC2 from Nicotiana benthamiana accumulates vivo as homodimer converts into higher-order oligomer upon its virus disease resistance protein Rx. The cryo-EM structure NbNRC2 resting state revealed intermolecular mediate formation contribute receptor autoinhibition. These dimerization interfaces have diverged between paralogous NRC insulate critical network nodes enable redundant pathways, possibly minimise undesired cross-activation evade pathogen suppression immunity. Our results expand molecular pointing transition homodimers oligomeric resistosomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Effector-Triggered Immunity: crosstalk and cooperation of PRR and NLR-mediated plant defense pathways during host–pathogen interactions DOI

Zarka Nabi,

Subaya Manzoor,

Sajad Un Nabi

et al.

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 587 - 604

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Concerted actions of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity DOI
Jack Rhodes, Cyril Zipfel, Jonathan D. G. Jones

et al.

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(5), P. 501 - 511

Published: June 28, 2022

Plants utilise cell-surface immune receptors (functioning as pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) to detect pathogens. Perception of pathogens by these activates signalling resistance infections. PRR- NLR-mediated immunity have primarily been considered parallel processes contributing disease resistance. Recent studies suggest that two pathways are interdependent converge at multiple nodes. This review summarises provides a perspective on convergent points.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across asterid plants DOI Creative Commons
Toshiyuki Sakai, Mauricio P. Contreras, Claudia Martínez‐Anaya

et al.

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 3344 - 3361

Published: June 4, 2024

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) proteins can form complex networks to confer innate immunity. An NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH (NRC) is a phylogenetically related node that functions downstream of massively expanded network disease resistance protect against multiple plant pathogens. In this study, we used phylogenomic methods reconstruct the macroevolution NRC family. One NRCs, termed NRC0, only family member shared across asterid plants, leading us investigate its evolutionary history genetic organization. several species, NRC0 genetically clustered with other NLRs are NRC-dependent genes. This prompted hypothesize ancestral state an NLR helper-sensor gene cluster was present early during evolution. We provide support for hypothesis by demonstrating essential hypersensitive cell death induced linked sensor partners in 4 divergent species: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wild sweet potato (Ipomoea trifida), coffee (Coffea canephora), carrot (Daucus carota). addition, activation leads higher-order formation similar NRCs. Our findings map out contrasting dynamics over last 125 million years, from functionally conserved massive dispersed network.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Connecting the dots between cell surface- and intracellular-triggered immune pathways in plants DOI
Maud Bernoux,

Holger Zetzsche,

Johannes Stuttmann

et al.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 102276 - 102276

Published: Aug. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

21