Cureus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
is
a
chronic
metabolic
disorder
marked
by
persistent
hyperglycemia,
which
significantly
impacts
vascular
health.
This
review
comprehensively
analyzes
the
neurovascular
complications
associated
with
DM,
focusing
on
retinal
and
brain
lesions.
categorized
into
type
1
2
gestational
each
presenting
unique
challenges
risks.
The
condition
accelerates
damage
through
mechanisms
such
as
endothelial
dysfunction,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
leading
to
severe
microvascular
complications.
Diabetic
retinopathy
primary
concern,
its
progression
from
non-proliferative
proliferative
stages
potentially
resulting
in
vision
loss.
Concurrently,
diabetes
contributes
brain,
increasing
risk
of
cognitive
decline
cerebrovascular
events.
examines
pathophysiological
underlying
these
complications,
evaluates
current
diagnostic
management
strategies,
highlights
recent
advancements
imaging
technologies
therapeutic
approaches.
Integrating
insights
crucial
for
improving
early
detection,
treatment,
diabetes-related
issues.
Future
research
should
focus
innovative
preventive
measures
interventions
mitigate
long-term
impact
By
enhancing
our
understanding
complex
interactions,
this
aims
contribute
better
clinical
practices
improved
patient
outcomes
care.
Open Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Diabetes-related
cognitive
impairment
is
increasingly
recognized
as
a
significant
complication,
profoundly
impacting
patients'
quality
of
life.
This
review
aims
to
examine
the
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
clinical
manifestations,
risk
factors,
assessment
and
diagnosis,
management
strategies,
future
research
directions
in
diabetes.
A
comprehensive
literature
search
was
conducted
using
PubMed,
Medline,
other
medical
databases
identify,
review,
evaluate
published
articles
on
The
focused
studies
examining
pathophysiology,
presentations,
diagnostic
approaches,
strategies.
current
revealed
that
chronic
hyperglycemia,
insulin
resistance,
vascular
factors
are
major
contributing
deficits
Clinical
manifestations
include
impairments
attention,
memory,
executive
function,
visuospatial
abilities,
language.
Risk
encompass
disease
duration,
glycemic
control,
presence
complications,
age,
education
level,
comorbidities.
Assessment
tools
screening
instruments,
neuropsychological
testing,
neuroimaging
techniques.
Management
strategies
involve
control
optimization,
lifestyle
modifications,
training,
pharmacological
interventions.
highlights
prevalence
impact
diabetes,
resulting
from
complex
metabolic
disturbances.
Early
detection
multifaceted
interventions
crucial
for
preserving
function
improving
patient
outcomes.
Future
should
focus
neuroprotective
biomarker
identification,
personalized
approaches.
Collaborative
efforts
between
clinicians
researchers
essential
effectively
address
this
growing
healthcare
challenge
enhance
life
individuals
with
diabetes-related
impairment.
Receptors,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 2 - 2
Published: Jan. 26, 2025
Glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1RAs),
including
dulaglutide,
liraglutide,
semaglutide,
and
exenatide,
are
effective
treatments
for
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
obesity.
These
agents
mimic
the
action
of
endogenous
incretin
glucagon-like
(GLP-1)
by
enhancing
insulin
secretion,
inhibiting
glucagon
release,
promoting
weight
loss
through
appetite
suppression.
GLP-1RAs
have
recently
been
suggested
to
neuroprotective
effects,
suggesting
their
potential
as
treatment
neurodegenerative
disorders,
such
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
AD
T2DM
share
several
common
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
resistance,
chronic
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction.
shared
mechanisms
suggest
that
therapeutic
targeting
metabolic
dysfunction
may
also
be
beneficial
conditions.
Preclinical
studies
on
in
models,
both
vitro
vivo,
demonstrated
promising
reductions
amyloid-beta
accumulation,
decreased
tau
hyperphosphorylation,
improved
synaptic
plasticity,
enhanced
neuronal
survival.
Despite
encouraging
results
from
preclinical
challenges
need
addressed
before
can
widely
used
treatment.
Ongoing
clinical
trials
investigating
cognitive
benefits
patients,
aiming
establish
role
a
option
AD.
This
review
aimed
examine
current
literature
GLP-1
Renal Failure,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
47(1)
Published: March 4, 2025
A
worldwide
evaluation
exploring
the
link
between
a
broad-spectrum
kidney
function
and
cognitive
impairment
(CI)
prevalence,
related
risk
factors
has
yet
to
be
conducted.
Studies
published
before
November
2024
were
retrieved
from
PubMed
Web
of
Science.
R
software
(R
Foundation
for
Statistical
Computing,
Vienna,
Austria)
Review
Manager
(Cochrane
Collaboration,
London,
UK)
used
analyze
relationship
CI
with
various
estimated
glomerular
filtration
rate
(eGFR)
level
associated
factors.
random
model
effect
was
adopted
heterogeneity
(I2)
more
than
50%.
Seventeen
(involving
32,141
participants)
out
5892
studies
included.
The
MMSE
MoCA
most
commonly
tests
assess
function.
prevalence
raised
significantly
declining
function:
10%
eGFR
≥60
mL/min/1.73
m2,
47.3%
60-30
60.6%
<30
totaling
16.7%
overall.
Thirteen
potential
ascertained
analyzed.
In
forest-plot
analysis,
T2DM,
cardiovascular
diseases,
cerebrovascular
lower
education
emerged
as
strong
predictors
risk,
odds
ratios
1.55,
1.63,
1.95,
2.59,
respectively.
mean
meta-analysis
continuous
variable
indicators
revealed
that
advanced
age
elevated
parathyroid
hormone
(PTH)
levels
statistically
significant
in
occurrence
CI.
poorer
renal
function,
higher
Patients
chronic
disease
(CKD)
have
multiple
lead
Narra J,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. e724 - e724
Published: April 24, 2024
The
aging
population
warrants
the
increase
of
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI)
prevalence,
a
condition
that
could
progress
to
dementia.
Efforts
have
been
made
improve
MCI
and
prevent
its
progression,
including
introduction
Tai
Chi,
Chinese
traditional
exercise.
aim
this
systematic
review
meta-analysis
was
evaluate
efficacy
Chi
in
attenuating
among
elderly
population.
Records
investigating
effect
exercise
intervention
on
function
patients
were
searched
systematically
from
PubMed,
ScienceDirect,
Google
Scholar,
Europe
PMC
as
April
13,
2023.
risk
bias
(RoB
2.0)
quality
assessment
employed
appraisal
studies
included.
Review
Manager
5.4.1
used
for
data
extraction
meta-analysis,
where
standard
mean
difference
(SMD)
95%
confidence
interval
(95%CI)
computed.
Eight
randomized
control
trials
with
total
1379
participants
included
meta-analysis.
Six
assessed
Montreal
Cognitive
Assessment
scores,
pooled
analysis
suggested
effective
conventional
(SMD=0.15,
95%CI:
-0.11
0.40,
p=0.26).
However,
Mini-Mental
Status
Examination
more
effectively
improved
reduced
rate
(SMD=0.36,
0.18
0.54,
p<0.01)
compared
group.
This
suggest
that,
some
extent,
is
efficacious
improving
slowing
down
patients.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 340 - 340
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Dementia
associated
with
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
has
been
well
documented
in
the
literature,
but
studies
utilizing
early
screening
tools
to
target
populations
mild
cognitive
dysfunction
remain
limited.
This
study
aimed
investigate
decline
by
studying
relationships
between
“Ascertain
8”
(AD8)
questionnaire
scores
and
glycemic
control,
lipid
profiles,
estimated
glomerular
filtration
rate
(eGFR),
complications
of
diabetes.
Methods:
case–control,
cross-sectional,
observational
was
conducted
at
a
medical
center
an
affiliated
regional
hospital
southern
Taiwan
from
30
June
2021
2023.
Patients
diagnosed
type
2
aged
≥40
years
were
recruited.
Their
past
history,
biochemical
data,
AD8
score
collected
same
time.
Results:
The
patients
glycated
hemoglobin
(HbA1c)
levels
≥7%
had
higher
risk
impairment
than
those
HbA1c
<7%
(p
<
0.001).
participants
whose
eGFR
<60
mL/min/1.73
m2
mean
compared
≥60
=
0.008).
history
peripheral
artery
disease
diabetic
neuropathy
also
0.001
p
0.017,
respectively).
Conclusions:
By
employing
as
sensitive
tool,
our
suggests
that
is
significantly
poorer
lower
rate,
disease,
neuropathy.
Early
detection
these
factors
may
facilitate
timely
interventions
tailored
treatment
strategies
treat
or
prevent
dysfunction.
International journal of Nutrition Pharmacology Neurological Diseases,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 52 - 61
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Background:
There
is
mounting
evidence
prediabetes
significantly
elevates
the
likelihood
of
developing
diabetes-related
cognitive
impairment
before
it
manifests
in
diabetic
stage.
A
considerable
number
individuals
with
a
family
history
diabetes
remain
unaware
their
status;
hence,
identification
these
imperative,
as
regular
screening
and
rigorous
monitoring
may
prevent
or
delay
progression
to
type
2
diabetes.
Aim
Objective:
The
aim
study
was
measure
compare
tasks
among
subjects
healthy
positive
who
do
not
fulfill
clinical
criteria
but
are
identified
being
at
“risk”
Methods:
To
investigate
study’s
objective,
cross-sectional,
comparative
conducted
attended
hospital
between
November
2021
January
2023.
Subjects
were
divided
into
three
groups:
mellitus,
(FHD+),
controls
(HCs);
after
obtaining
an
informed
consent
form,
visual
performed
using
PsyToolkit
platform.
Results:
Compared
HC,
poorly
all
parameters.
mean
attention
processing
time
longer
for
FHD+
(151
±
54.
4
vs.
130
63.7
ms,
P
=
0.001)
than
compared
HC
group.
search
(VST)
delayed
group
(high-risk)
(2655
549
ms)
(1619
331
0.001).
findings
revealed
that
elevated
levels
HbA1c
(
β
102.37,
0.057)
low-density
lipoprotein
−0.042,
0.021)
linked
metrics.
Conclusion:
Unexpectedly,
diabetes,
“high-risk”
group,
exhibited
remarkable
delays
Corsi
span
VST,
similar
trends
observed
diabetics.
This
novel
result
emphasizes
need
evaluations
abilities
practice
detect
early
changes
functions
during
prediabetic
stage
they
progress
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 2, 2025
Individuals
with
type
2
diabetes
have
an
increased
risk
of
developing
both
vascular
and
Alzheimer's
dementia.
This
prospective
cross-sectional
study
assessed
the
screening
ability
standard
Montreal
Cognitive
Assessment
(MoCA)
score
suggestive
mild
cognitive
impairment
(<26)
in
a
European
cohort
individuals
≥65
age
diabetes.
Participants
RECOGNISED,
EU-funded
study,
were
screened
using
MoCA.
In
addition,
13-item
Neuropsychological
Test
Battery
(NTB)
Clinical
Dementia
Rating
was
undertaken
to
categorize
participants
as
normocognitive
(NC,
n
=
128)
or
impaired
(MCI,
185).
Receiver
operating
characteristic
(ROC)
analysis
used
evaluate
MoCA
cut-off
scores
patients
having
MCI
not.
The
25/26
demonstrated
sensitivity
88%
specificity
51%,
resulting
false
positive
rate
20%.
ROC
showed
that
24/25
has
better
balance
between
(81%)
(62%),
lower
16%.
NTB
results
group
had
lowest
norm-referenced
percentile
visuo-construction
domain,
known
early
feature
disease
significant
predictor
rapid
progression.
tool
diabetes,
overestimates
prevalence
MCI,
even
when
applying
cut-offs.
More
specific
strategies
are
necessary,
particularly
targeting
effectively
identify