Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments

Open Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Diabetes-related cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a significant complication, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life. This review aims to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, risk factors, assessment and diagnosis, management strategies, future research directions in diabetes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, other medical databases identify, review, evaluate published articles on The focused studies examining pathophysiology, presentations, diagnostic approaches, strategies. current revealed that chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, vascular factors are major contributing deficits Clinical manifestations include impairments attention, memory, executive function, visuospatial abilities, language. Risk encompass disease duration, glycemic control, presence complications, age, education level, comorbidities. Assessment tools screening instruments, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging techniques. Management strategies involve control optimization, lifestyle modifications, training, pharmacological interventions. highlights prevalence impact diabetes, resulting from complex metabolic disturbances. Early detection multifaceted interventions crucial for preserving function improving patient outcomes. Future should focus neuroprotective biomarker identification, personalized approaches. Collaborative efforts between clinicians researchers essential effectively address this growing healthcare challenge enhance life individuals with diabetes-related impairment.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Receptors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 2 - 2

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and exenatide, are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) obesity. These agents mimic the action of endogenous incretin glucagon-like (GLP-1) by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, promoting weight loss through appetite suppression. GLP-1RAs have recently been suggested to neuroprotective effects, suggesting their potential as treatment neurodegenerative disorders, such Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD T2DM share several common pathophysiological mechanisms, resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction. shared mechanisms suggest that therapeutic targeting metabolic dysfunction may also be beneficial conditions. Preclinical studies on in models, both vitro vivo, demonstrated promising reductions amyloid-beta accumulation, decreased tau hyperphosphorylation, improved synaptic plasticity, enhanced neuronal survival. Despite encouraging results from preclinical challenges need addressed before can widely used treatment. Ongoing clinical trials investigating cognitive benefits patients, aiming establish role a option AD. This review aimed examine current literature GLP-1

Language: Английский

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Kidney function and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Renal Failure, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

A worldwide evaluation exploring the link between a broad-spectrum kidney function and cognitive impairment (CI) prevalence, related risk factors has yet to be conducted. Studies published before November 2024 were retrieved from PubMed Web of Science. R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) Review Manager (Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK) used analyze relationship CI with various estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level associated factors. random model effect was adopted heterogeneity (I2) more than 50%. Seventeen (involving 32,141 participants) out 5892 studies included. The MMSE MoCA most commonly tests assess function. prevalence raised significantly declining function: 10% eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 47.3% 60-30 60.6% <30 totaling 16.7% overall. Thirteen potential ascertained analyzed. In forest-plot analysis, T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular lower education emerged as strong predictors risk, odds ratios 1.55, 1.63, 1.95, 2.59, respectively. mean meta-analysis continuous variable indicators revealed that advanced age elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels statistically significant in occurrence CI. poorer renal function, higher Patients chronic disease (CKD) have multiple lead

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Tai Chi as a non-invasive intervention for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Narra J, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. e724 - e724

Published: April 24, 2024

The aging population warrants the increase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence, a condition that could progress to dementia. Efforts have been made improve MCI and prevent its progression, including introduction Tai Chi, Chinese traditional exercise. aim this systematic review meta-analysis was evaluate efficacy Chi in attenuating among elderly population. Records investigating effect exercise intervention on function patients were searched systematically from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Europe PMC as April 13, 2023. risk bias (RoB 2.0) quality assessment employed appraisal studies included. Review Manager 5.4.1 used for data extraction meta-analysis, where standard mean difference (SMD) 95% confidence interval (95%CI) computed. Eight randomized control trials with total 1379 participants included meta-analysis. Six assessed Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, pooled analysis suggested effective conventional (SMD=0.15, 95%CI: -0.11 0.40, p=0.26). However, Mini-Mental Status Examination more effectively improved reduced rate (SMD=0.36, 0.18 0.54, p<0.01) compared group. This suggest that, some extent, is efficacious improving slowing down patients.

Language: Английский

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Advancing the understanding of diabetic encephalopathy through unravelling pathogenesis and exploring future treatment perspectives

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 102450 - 102450

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Quantifying Cognitive Function in Diabetes: Relationships Between AD8 Scores, HbA1c Levels, and Other Diabetic Comorbidities

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 340 - 340

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Background/Objectives: Dementia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been well documented in the literature, but studies utilizing early screening tools to target populations mild cognitive dysfunction remain limited. This study aimed investigate decline by studying relationships between “Ascertain 8” (AD8) questionnaire scores and glycemic control, lipid profiles, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), complications of diabetes. Methods: case–control, cross-sectional, observational was conducted at a medical center an affiliated regional hospital southern Taiwan from 30 June 2021 2023. Patients diagnosed type 2 aged ≥40 years were recruited. Their past history, biochemical data, AD8 score collected same time. Results: The patients glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7% had higher risk impairment than those HbA1c <7% (p < 0.001). participants whose eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 mean compared ≥60 = 0.008). history peripheral artery disease diabetic neuropathy also 0.001 p 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: By employing as sensitive tool, our suggests that is significantly poorer lower rate, disease, neuropathy. Early detection these factors may facilitate timely interventions tailored treatment strategies treat or prevent dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Managing dementia and diabetes in primary care settings

Independent Nurse, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(2), P. 22 - 25

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

This article looks at the links between diabetes and dementia prevalence of dual co-morbidity

Language: Английский

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Impact of sexuality on degenerative diseases

Progress in brain research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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An Early Decline of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Individuals with Family History of Diabetes in South India: A Comparative Analysis with Diabetics and Healthy Control

International journal of Nutrition Pharmacology Neurological Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 52 - 61

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: There is mounting evidence prediabetes significantly elevates the likelihood of developing diabetes-related cognitive impairment before it manifests in diabetic stage. A considerable number individuals with a family history diabetes remain unaware their status; hence, identification these imperative, as regular screening and rigorous monitoring may prevent or delay progression to type 2 diabetes. Aim Objective: The aim study was measure compare tasks among subjects healthy positive who do not fulfill clinical criteria but are identified being at “risk” Methods: To investigate study’s objective, cross-sectional, comparative conducted attended hospital between November 2021 January 2023. Subjects were divided into three groups: mellitus, (FHD+), controls (HCs); after obtaining an informed consent form, visual performed using PsyToolkit platform. Results: Compared HC, poorly all parameters. mean attention processing time longer for FHD+ (151 ± 54. 4 vs. 130 63.7 ms, P = 0.001) than compared HC group. search (VST) delayed group (high-risk) (2655 549 ms) (1619 331 0.001). findings revealed that elevated levels HbA1c ( β 102.37, 0.057) low-density lipoprotein −0.042, 0.021) linked metrics. Conclusion: Unexpectedly, diabetes, “high-risk” group, exhibited remarkable delays Corsi span VST, similar trends observed diabetics. This novel result emphasizes need evaluations abilities practice detect early changes functions during prediabetic stage they progress

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a European cohort of elderly living with type 2 diabetes

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2025

Individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing both vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. This prospective cross-sectional study assessed the screening ability standard Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score suggestive mild cognitive impairment (<26) in a European cohort individuals ≥65 age diabetes. Participants RECOGNISED, EU-funded study, were screened using MoCA. In addition, 13-item Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) Clinical Dementia Rating was undertaken to categorize participants as normocognitive (NC, n = 128) or impaired (MCI, 185). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis used evaluate MoCA cut-off scores patients having MCI not. The 25/26 demonstrated sensitivity 88% specificity 51%, resulting false positive rate 20%. ROC showed that 24/25 has better balance between (81%) (62%), lower 16%. NTB results group had lowest norm-referenced percentile visuo-construction domain, known early feature disease significant predictor rapid progression. tool diabetes, overestimates prevalence MCI, even when applying cut-offs. More specific strategies are necessary, particularly targeting effectively identify

Language: Английский

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