Genetic rescue to the rescue

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 42 - 49

Published: Nov. 29, 2014

Language: Английский

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The Exciting Potential and Remaining Uncertainties of Genetic Rescue

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(12), P. 1070 - 1079

Published: July 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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A framework for incorporating evolutionary genomics into biodiversity conservation and management

Climate Change Responses, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2015

Evolutionary adaptation drives biodiversity. So far, however, evolutionary thinking has had limited impact on plans to counter the effects of climate change biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. This is despite habitat fragmentation diminishing ability populations mount responses, via reductions in population size, gene flow heterogeneity environments that occupy. Research other challenges benefitted enormously recent years from genomic tools, but these have so far only been applied issue a piecemeal manner. Here, we explore how new knowledge might be combined with decision framework aimed at reducing long-term impacts highlights need rethink local conservation management efforts conservation. We take dynamic view based recognition continuously evolving lineages, highlight when where approaches are justified. In general, developing tools for non-model organisms, genomics can help decide resources should redirected increasing hybridisation across zones facilitating situ large heterogeneous areas. It also inform priorities shift maintaining genetically distinct species supporting processes change. illustrate our argument particular reference Australia's

Language: Английский

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Strongly deleterious mutations are a primary determinant of extinction risk due to inbreeding depression

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 33 - 47

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Abstract Human-driven habitat fragmentation and loss have led to a proliferation of small isolated plant animal populations with high risk extinction. One the main threats extinction in these is inbreeding depression, which primarily caused by recessive deleterious mutations becoming homozygous due inbreeding. The typical approach for managing maintain genetic diversity, increasingly translocating individuals from large initiate “genetic rescue.” However, limitations this recently been highlighted demise gray wolf population on Isle Royale, declined brink soon after arrival migrant mainland population. Here, we use novel simulation framework investigate role variation, demographic history mediating depression populations. We show that, under realistic models dominance, harbor levels strongly variation being hidden selection heterozygous state. As result, when contract, they experience substantially elevated are exposed Moreover, demonstrate although rescue broadly effective as means reduce risk, its effectiveness can be greatly increased drawing migrants or moderate-sized source rather than smaller harboring lower variation. Our findings challenge traditional conservation paradigm that focuses maximizing diversity favor view emphasizes minimizing These insights important implications fragmented landscape Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Genetic rescue increases fitness and aids rapid recovery of an endangered marsupial population

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Genetic rescue has now been attempted in several threatened species, but the contribution of genetics per se to any increase population health can be hard identify. Rescue is expected particularly useful when individuals are introduced into small isolated populations with low levels genetic variation. Here we consider such a situation by documenting mountain pygmy possum, Burramys parvus. Rapid recovery occurred target after introduction number males from large genetically diverged population. Initial hybrid fitness was more than two-fold higher non-hybrids; animals had larger body size, and female hybrids produced pouch young lived longer. likely contributed largest size ever being recorded at this site. These data point as potentially option for populations.

Language: Английский

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Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 634 - 652

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Abstract Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss genetic diversity, maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed safeguard populations maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns gene flow via deliberate movement genotypes environment generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation environmental management. These diverse strategies go various names ranging from evolutionary rescue provenancing resurrection. Our aim here is provide some clarification terminology how these connected linked underlying processes. We draw on case studies literature outline mechanisms that underlie increase fitness impact wider community. argue understanding leading decline community a key successful implementation strategies. emphasize need consider nature source recipient populations, as well associated risks trade‐offs for This overview highlights where have potential population, species, ecosystem scales, but also they should probably not attempted depending overall aims intervention. advocate an approach short‐ long‐term integrated into decision framework considers nongenetic aspects

Language: Английский

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Genetic rescue in a severely inbred wolf population

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 4745 - 4756

Published: Aug. 6, 2016

Natural populations are becoming increasingly fragmented which is expected to affect their viability due inbreeding depression, reduced genetic diversity and increased sensitivity demographic environmental stochasticity. In small highly inbred populations, the introduction of only a few immigrants may increase vital rates significantly. However, very studies have quantified long-term success individuals in natural populations. Following an episode immigration isolated, severely Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population, we demonstrate significantly higher pairing breeding for offspring compared from native, pairs. We argue that depression underlying mechanism profound difference success. Highly wolves lower survival during natal dispersal as well competitive disadvantage find partner. Our study one first quantify compare reproductive first-generation migrants vs. population. Indeed, our data impact single can small, represent documented cases rescue population large carnivores.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive divergence despite strong genetic drift: genomic analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms causing genetic differentiation in the island fox (Urocyon littoralis)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 2176 - 2194

Published: March 19, 2016

Abstract The evolutionary mechanisms generating the tremendous biodiversity of islands have long fascinated biologists. Genetic drift and divergent selection are predicted to be strong on both could drive population divergence speciation. Alternatively, genetic may preclude adaptation. We conducted a genomic analysis test roles in causing differentiation among populations island fox ( Urocyon littoralis ). This species consists six subspecies, each which occupies different California Channel Island. Analysis 5293 SNP loci generated using Restriction‐site Associated DNA RAD ) sequencing found support for as dominant mechanism driving populations. In particular, had exceptionally low variation, small N e (range = 2.1–89.7; median 19.4), significant signatures bottlenecks. Moreover, with lowest variation (and, by inference, strongest historical drift) were most genetically differentiated from mainland grey foxes, vice versa, indicating drives genome‐wide divergence. Nonetheless, outlier tests identified 3.6–6.6% high F ST outliers, suggesting that despite drift, contributes Patterns similarity based outliers mirrored patterns morphology, providing additional evidence reflect adaptive Extremely some populations, particularly San Nicolas Island, suggest they vulnerable fixation deleterious alleles, decreased fitness reduced potential.

Language: Английский

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Hybridization as a conservation management tool

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: May 17, 2019

Abstract The recent extensive loss of biodiversity raises the question whether organisms will adapt in time to survive current era rapid environmental change, and today's conservation practices policies are appropriate. We review benefits risks inter‐ intraspecific hybridization as a management tool aimed at enhancing adaptive potential survival, with particular reference coral reefs. conclude that is underutilized many its perceived possibly overstated; few applications date have already shown positive outcomes. Moreover, perceptions risk change significantly when focus on preserving species/population, instead species original state. Further, we suggest uncertain legal status hybrids entities protection can be costly society ecosystems, legislative revision overdue. present decision tree help assess where suitable tool, or preferred option.

Language: Английский

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What can livestock breeders learn from conservation genetics and vice versa?

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Feb. 10, 2015

The management of livestock breeds and threatened natural population share common challenges, including small effective sizes, high risk inbreeding, the potential benefits costs associated with mixing disparate gene pools. Here we consider what has been learnt about these issues, ways in which knowledge gained from one area might be applied to other, genomics provide new insights. Although there are key differences stemming importance artificial versus selection decreased level environmental heterogeneity experienced by many populations, suspect that information genetic rescue populations could usefully livestock. This includes an increased emphasis on maintaining substantial sizes at expense uniqueness ensuring future adaptability, emphasizing way changes can influence relative fitness deleterious alleles genotypes populations. We also cross-breeding maintenance unique will increasingly important for preservation variation In particular, selected genes identified domestic markers exploring adaptive evolution Genomic technologies two disciplines realizing gains maximizing capacity wildlife, particularly understanding how parts genome may respond differently when exposed processes selection.

Language: Английский

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