Sex roles and sex ratios in animals

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 98(2), P. 462 - 480

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

ABSTRACT In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation reproductive competition, mate choice parental care, which have all been sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, question why patterns roles vary within across remains a key topic behavioural evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental comparative evidence suggests that adult ratio (ASR) is driver Here, we first define discuss historical emergence role concept, including recent criticisms rebuttals. Second, review various ratios focus ASR, explore its theoretical links Third, causes, especially consequences, biased ASRs, focusing results correlational studies effect ASR choice, conflict, care mating systems, social behaviour, hormone fitness. We present animals diverse societies sensitive local even short timescales, propose explanations for conflicting results. conclude an overview open questions this field integrating demography, life history

Language: Английский

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The life history of Drosophila sperm involves molecular continuity between male and female reproductive tracts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(11)

Published: March 7, 2022

SignificanceIn species with internal fertilization, sperm spend an important part of their lives within the female. To examine life history during this time, we used semiquantitative proteomics and sex-specific isotopic labeling in fruit flies to determine extent molecular continuity between male female reproductive tracts provide a global catalog sperm-associated proteins. Multiple seminal fluid proteins associate immediately after mating. Few remain long-term storage, whereas female-derived constitute one-fifth postmating proteome by then. Our data reveal "hand-off" from males females, which postulate be component sperm-female interactions.

Language: Английский

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The role of female reproductive fluid in sperm competition

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1813), P. 20200077 - 20200077

Published: Oct. 18, 2020

The role of non-gametic components the ejaculate (seminal fluid) in fertility and sperm competitiveness is now well established. Surprisingly, however, we know far less about female reproductive fluid (FRF) context sexual selection, insights into male–FRF interactions competition have only recently emerged. Despite this limited knowledge, evidence from taxonomically diverse species has revealed effects FRF on traits that previously been implicated studies competition. Specifically, through differential a range traits, including chemoattraction alterations velocity, shown to exert positive phenotypic males are preferred as mating partners, or those most compatible genetically males. these tantalizing putative sexually selected functions FRF, largely lack mechanistic understanding processes. Taken together, presented here highlights likely ubiquity FRF-regulated biases fertilization success across taxa, thus potentially elevating importance other so studied This article part theme issue ‘Fifty years competition'.

Language: Английский

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Seminal fluid and accessory male investment in sperm competition

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1813), P. 20200068 - 20200068

Published: Oct. 18, 2020

Sperm production and allocation strategies have been a central concern of sperm competition research for the past 50 years. But during ‘sexual cascade’ there may be strong selection alternative routes to maximizing male fitness. Especially with evolution internal fertilization, common by now well-studied example is accessory ejaculate investment represented seminal fluid, complex mixture proteins, peptides other components transferred females together sperm. How fluid should covary probably depends on mechanism action. If boost paternity success directly enhancing function or use, we might often expect positive correlation between two forms investment, whereas trade-offs seem more likely if acts independently This largely borne out broad taxonomic survey establish prevailing patterns animal evolution, in light which I discuss gaps that remain our understanding this key component its relationship before outlining promising approaches examining fluid-mediated competitiveness post-genomic era. article part theme issue ‘Fifty years competition’.

Language: Английский

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Nonadaptive molecular evolution of seminal fluid proteins in Drosophila

Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(8), P. 2102 - 2113

Published: June 29, 2021

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are a group of reproductive that among the most evolutionarily divergent known. As SFPs can impact male and female fitness, these have been proposed to evolve under postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS). However, fast change also result from nonadaptive evolution, extent which selective constraints prevent rapid evolution remains unknown. Using intra- interspecific sequence information, along with genomics functional data, we examine molecular approximately 300 in Drosophila. We found 50–57% SFP genes, depending on population examined, evolving relaxed selection. Only 7–12% showed evidence positive selection, no supporting other forms PCSS, 35–37% genes were selectively constrained. Further, despite associations gene location X chromosome protease activity, analysis additional genomic features revealed their lack influence Our results highlight sufficient claim driven rapidly by PCSS while identifying attributes different modes evolution.

Language: Английский

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Chemical communication and its role in sexual selection across Animalia

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract Sexual selection has been studied as a major evolutionary driver of animal diversity for roughly 50 years. Much evidence indicates that competition mates favors elaborate signaling traits. However, this comes primarily from few taxa, leaving sexual salient force across Animalia largely untested. Here, we reviewed the on communication all phyla, classes, and orders with emphasis chemoreception, only sense shared lifeforms. An exhaustive literature review documented chemosensory traits in 10 34 phyla indications an additional 13 phyla. Potential targets include structures processes involved production, delivery, detection chemical signals. Our suggests plays widespread role evolution highlights need research better reflects diversity.

Language: Английский

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Sex peptide receptor is not required for refractoriness to remating or induction of egg laying in Aedes aegypti

Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(1)

Published: March 29, 2024

Across diverse insect taxa, the behavior and physiology of females dramatically changes after mating-processes largely triggered by transfer seminal proteins from their mates. In vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, protein sex peptide (SP) decreases likelihood female flies remating causes additional behavioral physiological that promote fertility including increasing egg production. Although SP is only found in genus, its receptor, receptor (SPR), widely conserved myoinhibitory (MIP) receptor. To test functional role SPR mediating postmating responses a non-Drosophila dipteran, we generated 2 independent Spr-knockout alleles yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. needed for cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, Spr mutant Ae. aegypti show completely normal propensity increases laying. addition, injection synthetic or accessory gland homogenate D. melanogaster into virgin mosquitoes did not elicit these responses. Our results demonstrate required canonical aegypti, indicating other, as yet unknown, signaling pathways are likely responsible switches this disease vector.

Language: Английский

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Functional Diversity and Evolution of the Drosophila Sperm Proteome

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 100281 - 100281

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Spermatozoa are central to fertilization and the evolutionary fitness of sexually reproducing organisms. As such, a deeper understanding sperm proteomes (and associated reproductive tissues) has proven critical advancement fields sexual selection biology. Due their extraordinary complexity, proteome depth-of-coverage is dependent on advancements in technology related bioinformatics, both which have made significant decade since last Drosophila was published. Here, we provide an updated version melanogaster (DmSP3) using improved separation detection methods genome annotation. Combined with previous versions proteome, DmSP3 contains total 3176 proteins, first label-free quantitation for 2125 proteins. The top 20 most abundant proteins included structural elements α- β-tubulins leucyl-aminopeptidases. Both gene content protein abundance were significantly reduced X chromosome, consistent prior genomic studies chromosome evolution. We identified 9 16 Y-linked including known testis-specific male fertility factors. also almost one-half ribosomal DmSP3. role this subset unknown. Surprisingly, our expanded 122 seminal fluid (Sfps), originally accessory glands. show that fraction 'sperm-associated Sfps' recalcitrant concentrated salt detergent treatments, suggesting subclass Sfps expressed testes may additional functions sperm, per se. Overall, results add growing landscape biology particular provides quantitative evidence at level findings supporting meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation model male-specific

Language: Английский

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The seminal odorant binding protein Obp56g is required for mating plug formation and male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

In Drosophila melanogaster and other insects, the seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) male sex pheromones that enter female with sperm during mating are essential for fertility induce profound post-mating effects on physiology. The SFPs in D. taxa include several members of large gene family known as odorant binding (Obps). Work has shown some Obp genes highly expressed antennae can mediate behavioral responses to odorants, potentially by carrying these molecules receptors. These observations have led hypothesis Obps might act molecular carriers or compounds important fertility, though functional evidence any species is lacking. Here, we used genetics test role seven response (PMR). We found Obp56g required induction PMR, whereas six dispensable. males lacking fail form a plug mated female's reproductive tract, leading ejaculate loss reduced storage, likely due its expression ejaculatory bulb. also examined evolutionary history genes, studies documented rapid evolution turnover SFP across taxa. extensive lability copy number positive selection acting two Obp22a Obp51a. Comparative RNAseq data from tract multiple revealed shows high subset taxa, conserved head phylogeny. Together, suggest may been co-opted function over time.

Language: Английский

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A sexually transmitted sugar orchestrates reproductive responses to nutritional stress

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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