Sexual selection drives the coevolution of male and female reproductive traits in Peromyscus mice

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 67 - 81

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Abstract When females mate with multiple partners within a single reproductive cycle, sperm from rival males may compete for fertilization of limited number ova, and bias the their ova by particular sperm. Over evolutionary timescales, these two forms selection shape both male female physiology when multiply, yet in monogamous systems, post‐copulatory sexual is weak or absent. Here, we examine how divergent mating strategies genus closely related mice, Peromyscus , have shaped evolution traits. We show that promiscuous species, exhibit traits associated increased production swimming performance, are predicted to limit access including oviduct length larger cumulus cell mass surrounding compared species. Importantly, found across density significantly correlated velocity, but not count relative testes size, suggesting coevolved quality rather than quantity. Taken together, our results highlight evolve concert respond changes level selection.

Language: Английский

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Hidden impacts of conservation management on fertility of the critically endangered kākāpō

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e14675 - e14675

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Animal conservation often requires intensive management actions to improve reproductive output, yet any adverse effects of these may not be immediately apparent, particularly in threatened species with small populations and long lifespans. Hand-rearing is an example a strategy which, while boosting populations, can cause long-term demographic behavioural problems. It used the recovery critically endangered kākāpō (

Language: Английский

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Fertilization and Chick Embryo Development

Published: May 24, 2024

In order to identify potential reasons for malformations, lack of development, or embryo mortality during incubation, it is crucial comprehend the intricate process normal chicken development inside egg. Normal relies on physiological events that occur before even egg laid, such as sperm transport, ovulation, and, once gametes encounter, fertilization. Fertilization a reproductive event indispensable produce next generation animals reproduce sexually. It comprises sequential steps species-specific sperm–egg binding, induction acrosomal reaction exocytosis, penetration into oocyte, and fusion gametes. For successful fertilization, must encounter oocytes at precise time location. Hens store in their tracts so they can release them waves increase likelihood encounter. This chapter discusses several interesting processes competition, differential use stored sperm, interactions. Once zygote formed, succinct also described.

Language: Английский

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Male social niche conformance? Effects of manipulated opportunity for extra-pair mating on behavior and hormones of male zebra finches

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105243 - 105243

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Success in sperm competition is an important determinant of male fitness mating systems with female multiple mating. Thus, risk represents a key dimension the social environment to which individual males are expected adaptively adjust their reproductive phenotype. Such adaptive phenotypic adjustment we here refer as niche conformance. In this pre-registered study, investigated how zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, behavior risk. We experimentally manipulated opportunity for extra-pair create two levels risk: 1) Single-pair, no risk; 2) Double-pair, compared courtship, mate guarding, copulation rates, and aggression between treatment groups. To identify hormonal correlates behavioral adjustment, measured plasma testosterone corticosterone before after started. Contrary our predictions, from Double-pair group decreased courtship rates those Single-pair group, responded less aggressively towards intruders than males. Testosterone over breeding cycle, but had effect on either or levels. Our results indicate that finches do not intensify competitive behaviors, upregulate hormones when another pair present. Although found evidence predicted responses risk, show plastically environment.

Language: Английский

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Performance Trade-Offs and Resource Availability Drive Variation in Reproductive Isolation between Sympatrically Diverging Crossbills

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 199(3), P. 362 - 379

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Theoretical models indicate that speciation, especially when the scope for gene flow is great (e.g., sympatric speciation), most likely strong performance trade-offs coincide with reproduction. We tested this classic hypothesis using measures of strength three prezygotic reproductive isolating barriers (habitat isolation, reduced immigrant fecundity, and behavioral isolation) between two young (~2,000 years) red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) ecotypes. All increased increases in trade-offs, total isolation varying 0.72 1 (0 represents random mating, complete isolation). Strong led to habitat an inability breed "wrong" habitat, more assortative flocks, latter leading stronger isolation. Reproductive decreased as resource availability relative demands breeding, higher availabilities eliminating positive relationship trade-offs. This result consistent previous work suggesting increasing abundance dampens effect on evolutionary divergence. Because many organisms, notable exception host-specific phytophagous insects, rely abundant food resources weak while our results may explain why speciation uncommon.

Language: Английский

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Sperm Numbers as a Paternity Guard in a Wild Bird

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 231 - 231

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Sperm competition is thought to impose strong selection on males produce competitive ejaculates outcompete rival under mating conditions. Our understanding of how different sperm traits influence fertilization success, however, remains limited, especially in wild populations. Recent literature highlights the importance incorporating multiple ejaculate and pre-copulatory sexually selected analyses aimed at acts traits. However, variation a male's ability gain success may also depend upon range social ecological factors that determine opportunity for events both within outside pair-bond. Here, we test an effect quantity size male reproductive red-back fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus) while simultaneously accounting sexual potential socio-ecological correlates success. We found number (i.e., cloacal protuberance volume), but not morphology, was associated with red-backed fairy-wrens. Most notably, large numbers available copulation achieved greater within-pair paternity results suggest use as defensive strategy guard system where there high risk female control copulation. Finally, our work opportunities when examining role determining

Language: Английский

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How Female-Female Competition Affects Male-Male Competition: Insights into Postcopulatory Sexual Selection from Socially Polyandrous Species

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 201(3), P. 460 - 471

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

AbstractSexual selection is a major driver of trait variation, and the intensity male competition for mating opportunities has been linked with sperm size across diverse taxa. Mating among females may also shape evolution traits, but effect interplay between female-female male-male on morphology not well understood. We evaluated variation in two species socially polyandrous systems, which compete to mate multiple males. Northern jacanas (Jacana spinosa) wattled (J. jacana) vary their degree social polyandry sexual dimorphism, suggesting differences selection. compared mean variance head, midpiece, tail length breeding stages because these measures have associated competition. found that greater polyandry, northern jacana, longer midpieces tails as marginally lower intraejaculate length. Intraejaculate was significantly copulating males than incubating males, flexibility production cycle stages. Our results indicate stronger more intense by selecting less variable traits. These findings extend frameworks developed monogamous reveal be an important evolutionary force layered atop mates.

Language: Английский

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Social group composition modulates the role of last male sperm precedence in post-copulatory sexual selection

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 1102 - 1115

Published: June 21, 2023

In many species, the order in which males mate with a female explains much of variation paternity arising from post-copulatory sexual selection. Research Drosophila suggests that mating may account for majority variance male reproductive success. However, effects on bias might not be static but could potentially vary social or environmental factors. To test this idea, we used an existing dataset, collated experiment previously published (Morimoto et al., PLoS One, 11, 2016, e0154468), addition unpublished data same experiment. These previous experiments manipulated larval density melanogaster generated and body size, assembled groups individuals different sizes, measured success share focal males. The presented here provides information each male's frequency remated females ('repetitive matings'). We combined our reported to partition into repetitive matings across differed size composition females. found, as expected, explained considerable portion paternity. also found impact was influenced by groups. Specifically, tended last had greater advantage, displayed lower variance, containing heterogenous mixture sizes than single size. Repetitive only minor contribution all experiments. Overall, findings contribute growing research showing selection is subject socio-ecological influences.

Language: Английский

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Comparative sperm proteomics in selected passerine birds reflects sperm morphology and mitochondrial metabolism

Journal of Vertebrate Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(23045)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Spermatozoa are the most variable cells across animal taxa. Phylogeny, speciation and postcopulatory sexual selection typical factors that explain sperm morphology variation in animals, now these differences can also be explored on level of genomic proteomic differentiation. However, non-model organisms, it is often difficult to employ techniques because genomes not yet available for species, particularly free-living songbirds (Passeriformes). Here, we employed label-free proteomics generate proteomes zebra finch, a songbird species with an annotated genome five wild-living representing families within Passerida clade, all poorly known genomes. The results show protein mapping new passerine finch was successful, thus yielding highly similar identifications sufficient number unique peptides studied proteomes. Interestingly, while only partially reflect phylogenetic relationships between families, midpiece length correlates at least 59 proteins enriched mitochondrial metabolism. Similar seem have evolved convergently lineages, potentially due varying levels competition marked sizes.

Language: Английский

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Assisted Reproduction Techniques to Improve Reproduction in a Non-Model Species: The Case of the Arabian Bustard (Ardeotis arabs) Conservation Breeding Program

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 851 - 851

Published: March 28, 2022

Artificial reproductive technologies are highly valuable for ex situ conservation. While Arabian bustard populations declining and extinct in some parts of the range, International Fund Houbara Conservation United Arab Emirates implemented a conservation breeding program. Since 2012, total 1253 eggs were laid through natural reproduction, 1090 incubated 379 these fertile (fertility rate 34.8%), leading to production 251 chicks. To improve fertility acquire crucial knowledge other endangered large birds, artificial reproduction was 2018 using fresh, refrigerated, frozen sperm. A 720 ejaculates collected from 12 birds. We analysed samples concentration, volume, motility score (0 5), viability (eosin/nigrosine), length, morphology. The first age at collection 35.7 ± 18.8 months, mean volume 89.2 65.3 µL, concentration 928 731 sptz/mL 2.61 0.95. Morphology analyses revealed bimodal distribution sperm length. Five hundred thirty-five cryopreserved initial 3.4 0.7 2.0 0.6 after thawing, while percentage normal intact membrane cells decreased 88.8 7.5% 52.9 1%. Sixty-five inseminations performed, global 84.3%-more precisely, 85.2% 83.3%, respectively, fresh semen. All methods successfully produced eggs, indicating that insemination is an efficient tool genetic management species.

Language: Английский

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