Social hierarchies and social networks in humans

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Across species, social hierarchies are often governed by dominance relations. In humans, where there multiple culturally valued axes of distinction, can take a variety forms and need not rest on Consequently, humans navigate domains status, i.e. relative standing. Importantly, while these may be constructed from dyadic interactions, they more fundamentally guided subjective peer evaluations group perceptions. Researchers have typically focused the distinct elements that shape individuals’ standing, with some emphasizing individual-level attributes others outlining emergent macro-level structural outcomes. Here, we synthesize work across sciences to suggest dynamic interplay between meso-level properties networks in which individuals embedded crucial for understanding diverse processes status differentiation groups. More specifically, observe only at any given time but also simultaneously operate within multiple, overlapping networks. There important feedbacks characteristics networks, as types relationships, their properties, position them both influence influenced differentiation. This article is part theme issue ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects study hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

A century ago, foundational work by Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe described a ‘pecking order’ in chicken societies, where individuals could be ordered according to their ability exert influence over group-mates. Now known as dominance hierarchies, these structures have been shown plethora of individual characteristics and outcomes, situating research pillar the study modern social ecology evolution. Here, we first review some major questions that answered about hierarchies last 100 years. Next, introduce contributions this theme issue summarize how they provide ongoing insight epistemology, physiology neurobiology, hierarchical structure, dynamics dominance. These employ full range approaches available biologists. Cross-cutting themes emerging from include focus on cognitive underpinnings dominance, application network-analytical approaches, utility experimental rank manipulations for revealing causal relationships. Reflection years reveals Schjelderup-Ebbe's early ideas subsequent helped drive shift an essentialist view species recognition rich inter-individual variation social, behavioural physiological phenotypes. This article is part ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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The dynamics of dominance: open questions, challenges and solutions

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Although social hierarchies are recognized as dynamic systems, they typically treated static entities for practical reasons. Here, we ask what can learn from a dynamical view of dominance, and provide research agenda the next decades. We identify five broad questions at individual, dyadic group levels, exploring causes consequences individual changes in rank, dynamics underlying dominance relationships, origins impacts instability. challenges remain, propose avenues overcoming them. suggest distinguishing between different types mobility to conceptual clarity about hierarchy level, emphasize need explore how these processes produce trajectories over lifespans impact selection on status-seeking behaviour. At there is scope deeper exploration decision-making leading observed interactions, stable but malleable relationships emerge interactions. Across scales, model systems where rank manipulable will be extremely useful testing hypotheses dynamics. Long-term individual-based studies also critical understanding rare events, interrogating that unfold lifetimes generations. This article part theme issue 'The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects study hierarchies'.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Probiotic Bacillus subtilis on Injurious Behavior in Laying Hens

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 870 - 870

Published: March 30, 2022

Intestinal microbiota functions such as an endocrine organ to regulate host physiological homeostasis and behavioral exhibition in stress responses via regulating the gut-brain axis humans other mammals. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis of gut leads intestinal permeability, subsequently affecting clinical course neuropsychiatric disorders, increasing frequency aggression related violent behaviors. Probiotics, direct-fed microorganism, have been used dietary supplements or functional foods target (microbiome) for prevention therapeutic treatment mental diseases including social psychiatric disorders depression, anxiety, impulsivity, schizophrenia. Similar function probiotics may present laying hens due having a similar between avian hens, some management practices reared conventional cages at high stocking density cause stress, leading injurious behaviors aggressive pecking, severe feather cannibalism, which is critical issue facing poultry industry negative effects on hen health welfare with devastating economic consequences. We discuss current development using probiotic Bacillus subtilis prevent reduce behavior hens.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of female power in bonobos

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Island of Female Power? Intersexual Dominance Relationships in the Lemurs of Madagascar

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 26, 2022

The extant primates of Madagascar (Lemuriformes) represent the endpoints an adaptive radiation following a single colonization event more than 50 million years ago. They have since evolved diversity life history traits, ecological adaptations and social systems that rivals all other living combined. Their are characterized by unique combination including ability adult females to dominate males. In fact, there is no group mammals in which female dominance so widespread. Yet, recent research has indicated interspecific variation lemur intersexual relationships previously acknowledged. Here, we therefore review summarize relevant literature, quantifying extent sex-bias relations documented observational experimental studies captivity wild. Female often, but not always, implemented spontaneous male submission absence aggression linked sexual maturation. We connect available evidence hypotheses been proposed explain evolution among lemurs. occurrence families its indicate it soon after lemurs colonized – presumably response particular challenges reduced magnitude independently some taxa. Our study contributes important comparative information on sex roles from independent primate provides general insights into conditions, opportunities obstacles female-biased power.

Language: Английский

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Aggressiveness predicts dominance rank in greylag geese: mirror tests and agonistic interactions

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Individual differences in aggressiveness, if consistent across time and contexts, may contribute to the long-term maintenance of social hierarchies complex animal societies. Although agonistic interactions have previously been used calculate individuals' positions within a dominance hierarchy, date repeatability behaviour has not tested when calculating rank. Here, we examined consistency relevance aggressiveness as personality trait free-flying population greylag geese (

Language: Английский

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Invited review: Social dominance in dairy cattle: A critical review with guidelines for future research

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 106(3), P. 1489 - 1501

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Cattle are gregarious animals able to form social relationships. Dominance is one of the most widely studied behaviors dairy cattle, especially cows confined indoors. However, much past cattle research has used an unstandardized approach, differing in definitions and conceptual understanding dominance, as well their methods data collection dominance calculation. The first 3 aims this review evaluate how relates behavior housed cows. Cows engage agonistic interactions establish reinforce An individual's influenced by intrinsic characteristics, such personality, extrinsic factors, including group composition. When competing for resources, can also be individual motivational differences, hunger, which may diminish role regulating competition. Our second aim critically assess This includes discussions on effect time location measured values viability limitations some calculation methods. We propose that different methodologies lend themselves types questions. For example, use stream-based consider sequence useful estimating fluctuates with changing conditions a dynamically group. In contrast, matrix-based aggregate best identifying position individuals characteristics influence attributes stable hierarchy. third discuss future research. flowchart illustrate guidelines more standardized approach measuring cattle. identify areas need further clarification, suggest practical applications when managing

Language: Английский

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Hot-headed peckers: thermographic changes during aggression among juvenile pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

In group-living vertebrates, dominance status often covaries with physiological measurements (e.g. glucocorticoid levels), but it is unclear how linked to dynamic changes in state over a shorter, behavioural timescale. this observational study, we recorded spontaneous aggression among captive juvenile pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) alongside infrared thermographic of their external temperature, non-invasive technique previously used examine stress responses non-social contexts, where peripheral blood redirected towards the body core. We found low highly significant repeatability maximum head suggesting individually consistent thermal profiles, and some indication lower temperatures more active states walking compared resting). These individual differences were partly associated sex, females being cooler on average than males, unrelated size. During pairwise aggressive encounters, observed non-monotonic temperature change, dropping rapidly immediately prior an attack increasing afterwards, before returning baseline levels. This nonlinear pattern was similar for birds aggressor recipient roles, aggressors slightly hotter average. Our findings show that interactions induce rapid dominants subordinates alike, highlight thermography as promising tool investigating basis pecking orders galliforms. article part theme issue 'The centennial order: current future prospects study hierarchies'.

Language: Английский

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Hierarchies inferred from different agonistic behaviours are not always comparable

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

Abstract Social hierarchies are widely used to predict life‐history patterns and priority of access resources. Yet, behavioural ecology social sciences lack a consistent relationship between specific behaviours rank across studies. I published data sets from 42 groups 25 species representing several taxa determine whether inferred different similar or (in)consistently at both individual group levels. Ranks yielding interactions in the absence aggression ('ritualized') were often comparable ranks decided (unambiguous outcome) but not undecided aggression. Accordingly, including only steeper than those These results support hypothesis that can be context‐dependent might reflect less stable mutually recognized relationships (ritualized) interactions. discuss consequences choosing infer difficulty making generalizations one taxon another. Finally, recommend use ritualized certainly over should preferred, especially comparative studies which go beyond taxon‐specific idiosyncrasies.

Language: Английский

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