The establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Animal groups are often organized hierarchically, with dominant individuals gaining priority access to resources and reproduction over subordinate individuals. Initial dominance hierarchy formation may be influenced by multiple interacting factors, including an animal's individual attributes, conventions self-organizing social dynamics. After establishment, hierarchies typically maintained the long-term because save time, energy reduce risk of injury recognizing abiding established relationships. A separate set behaviours used maintain relationships within groups, that stabilize ranks (punishment, threats, behavioural asymmetry), as well signals provide information about rank (individual identity signals, dominance). In this review, we describe establish across different taxa types societies. We also review opportunities for future research including: testing how dynamics interact other factors mediate formation, measuring stability disrupt stability, incorporating phenotypic plasticity into our understanding considering cognition coevolves hierarchies. This article is part theme issue ‘The centennial pecking order: current state prospects study hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress in poultry production

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(9), P. 104003 - 104003

Published: June 25, 2024

Oxidative stress (OS) is a major concern that impacts the overall health of chickens in modern production systems. It characterized by an imbalance between antioxidant defence mechanisms and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This literature review aims to provide comprehensive overview oxidative poultry production, with emphasis on its effects growth performance, immune responses, reproductive outcomes. highlights intricate underlying OS discusses how various factors, including dietary components, genetic predispositions, environmental stressors can exacerbate ROS. Additionally, impact performance physiological systems examined. The study also emphasizes relationship diseases, highlighting impaired defenses increase bird's susceptibility infections. assesses existing approaches reducing response these challenges. includes managing techniques lower environment, supplements, nutritional interventions. effectiveness naturally occurring antioxidants, plant extracts, minerals, vitamins improve resistance damage To under conditions, activation cellular homeostatic networks termed vitagenes, such as Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related 2 (Nrf2) necessary for synthesis protective factors counteract increased ROS RNS. Future studies into novel strategies chicken would build research advances knowledge gaps identified this review.

Language: Английский

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Neural systems that facilitate the representation of social rank

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Across species, animals organize into social dominance hierarchies that serve to decrease aggression and facilitate survival of the group. Neuroscientists have adopted several model organisms study in laboratory setting, including fish, reptiles, rodents primates. We review recent literature across species sheds light onto how brain represents rank guide socially appropriate behaviour within a hierarchy. First, we discuss responds status signals. Then, approach avoidance learning mechanisms propose could drive rank-appropriate behaviour. Lastly, memories individuals (social memory) this may support maintenance unique individual relationships This article is part theme issue ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects for hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

A century ago, foundational work by Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe described a ‘pecking order’ in chicken societies, where individuals could be ordered according to their ability exert influence over group-mates. Now known as dominance hierarchies, these structures have been shown plethora of individual characteristics and outcomes, situating research pillar the study modern social ecology evolution. Here, we first review some major questions that answered about hierarchies last 100 years. Next, introduce contributions this theme issue summarize how they provide ongoing insight epistemology, physiology neurobiology, hierarchical structure, dynamics dominance. These employ full range approaches available biologists. Cross-cutting themes emerging from include focus on cognitive underpinnings dominance, application network-analytical approaches, utility experimental rank manipulations for revealing causal relationships. Reflection years reveals Schjelderup-Ebbe's early ideas subsequent helped drive shift an essentialist view species recognition rich inter-individual variation social, behavioural physiological phenotypes. This article is part ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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Distinct immune and transcriptomic profiles in dominant versus subordinate males in mouse social hierarchies

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 130 - 144

Published: April 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Costs dictate strategic investment in dominance interactions

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Dominance is important for access to resources. As dominance interactions are costly, individuals should be strategic in whom they interact with. One hypothesis that direct costly towards those closest rank, as have most gain—in terms of attaining or maintaining dominance—from winning such interactions. Here, we show male vulturine guineafowl ( Acryllium vulturinum ), a gregarious species with steep hierarchies, strategically express higher-cost aggressive males occupying ranks immediately below themselves their group's hierarchy. By contrast, lower-cost expressed group members further down the directly evaluating differences use higher- and competitors, disproportionately highest-cost interactions—such chases—towards found one three themselves. Our results support costs associated different interaction types can determine expression social groups hierarchies. This article part theme issue ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects study hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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Sex-dependent control of pheromones on social organization within groups of wild house mice

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 1407 - 1420.e4

Published: March 13, 2023

Dominance hierarchy is a fundamental social phenomenon in wide range of mammalian species, critically affecting fitness and health. Here, we investigate the role pheromone signals control hierarchies individual personalities within groups wild mice. For this purpose, combine high-throughput behavioral phenotyping with computational tools freely interacting house mice, males females, an automated, semi-natural system. We show that mice form dominance both sexes but use sex-specific strategies, displaying distinct male-typical female-typical were also associated ranking. Genetic disabling VNO-mediated detection generated opposite effects groups, enhancing interactions reducing them females. Behavioral mutated displayed mixtures behaviors, thus blurring sex differences. In addition, rank-associated abolished despite fact mutant formed stable hierarchies. These findings suggest group organization governed by pheromone-mediated neural circuits pave way to mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism under naturalistic settings.

Language: Английский

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Imagining the future self through thought experiments

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 446 - 455

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

The ability of the mind to conceptualize what is not present essential. It allows us reason counterfactually about might have happened had events unfolded differently or another course action been taken. think happen - perform 'Gedankenexperimente' (thought experiments) before we act. However, cognitive and neural mechanisms mediating this are poorly understood. We suggest that frontopolar cortex (FPC) keeps track evaluates alternative choices (what done), whereas anterior lateral prefrontal (alPFC) compares simulations possible future scenarios do) their reward values. Together, these brain regions support construction suppositional scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Distinct prefrontal projection activity and transcriptional state conversely orchestrate social competition and hierarchy

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 112(4), P. 611 - 627.e8

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Social buffering of the stress response: insights from fishes

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Social buffering of stress refers to the effect a social partner in reducing cortisol or corticosterone response stressor. It has been well studied mammals, particularly those that form pair bonds. Recent studies on fishes suggest also occurs solitary species, gregarious species loose aggregations and with well-defined structures The diversity contexts which observed holds promise shed light evolution this phenomenon among vertebrates. Equally, relative simplicity fish brain is advantageous for identifying neural mechanisms responsible buffering. In particular, have relatively small simple forebrain but regions are key buffering, including behaviour network, amygdala hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis, functionally conserved across Thus, we insight into mechanistic evolutionary underpinnings vertebrates can be gained from study fishes.

Language: Английский

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