Published: Feb. 9, 2022
About Us: The Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table is a group of scientific experts and health system leaders who evaluate report on emerging evidence relevant to the pandemic, inform Ontario's response.Our mandate provide weekly summaries for Health Coordination Province Ontario, integrating information from existing tables, universities agencies, best global evidence.The summarizes its findings public in Briefs.
Language: Английский
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 919 - 919
Published: June 9, 2022
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that belongs to the family and cause of disease 2019 (COVID-19). As May 2022, it had caused more than 500 million infections 6 deaths worldwide. Several vaccines have been produced tested over last two years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, on other hand, has mutated time, resulting in genetic variation population circulating variants during COVID-19 pandemic. It also shown immune-evading characteristics, suggesting vaccinations against these could be potentially ineffective. purpose this review article investigate key concern (VOCs) mutations driving current pandemic, as well explore transmission rates VOCs relation epidemiological factors compare virus's rate prior coronaviruses. We examined provided information study, including their transmissibility, infectivity rate, severity, affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors, viral load, reproduction number, vaccination effectiveness, vaccine breakthrough.
Language: Английский
Citations
38
JAMA, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 328(15), P. 1523 - 1523
Published: Oct. 18, 2022
Importance Data on the epidemiology of mild to moderately severe COVID-19 are needed inform public health guidance. Objective To evaluate associations between 2 or 3 doses mRNA vaccine and attenuation symptoms viral RNA load across SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Design, Setting, Participants A prospective cohort study essential frontline workers in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, Utah with infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction testing lineage classified whole genome sequencing specimens self-collected weekly at illness symptom onset. This analysis was conducted among 1199 participants from December 14, 2020, April 19, 2022, follow-up until May 9, reported. Exposures (origin strain, Delta variant, Omicron variant) vaccination status. Main Outcomes Measures Clinical outcomes included presence symptoms, specific (including fever chills), duration, medical care seeking. Virologic quantitative along viability. Results Among (714 [59.5%] women; median age, 41 years), 14.0% were infected origin 24.0% 62.0% variant. vaccinated second dose 14 149 days before significantly less likely be symptomatic compared unvaccinated (21/27 [77.8%] vs 74/77 [96.1%]; OR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0-0.6]) and, when symptomatic, those third 7 report chills (5/13 [38.5%] 62/73 [84.9%]; 0.07 0.0-0.3]) reported fewer (10.2 16.4; difference, −6.1 −11.8 −0.4] days). infection, risk did not differ for 2-dose status higher 3-dose recipients who (327/370 [88.4%] 85/107 [79.4%]; 2.0 1.1-3.5]). infections, (160/311 [51.5%] 64/81 [79.0%]; 0.25 0.1-0.5]) seek (45/308 [14.6%] 20/81 [24.7%]; 0.45 0.2-0.9]). infections received had a lower mean (3 4.1 log 10 copies/μL; −1.0 −1.7 −0.2] 2.8 3.5 copies/μL, −0.3] Omicron). Conclusions Relevance In US recent than 150 variants, being unvaccinated, associated attenuated duration illness, seeking, some comparisons, although precision statistical significance estimates varied.
Language: Английский
Citations
33
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. e400 - e408
Published: May 26, 2022
Abstract Background The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. dynamics that govern its establishment propensity toward fixation (reaching 100% frequency the SARS-CoV-2 population) communities remain unknown. Here, we describe at 3 institutions higher education (IHEs) greater Boston area. Methods We use diagnostic variant-specifying molecular assays epidemiological analytical approaches to rapid dominance following introduction into IHEs with asymptomatic surveillance programs. Results show precedes state region time shorter (9.5–12.5 days) than (14.8 or region. trajectory among university employees resembles students, a 2- 3-day delay. Finally, compare cycle threshold values vs Delta cases on college campuses identify lower viral loads affiliates who harbor infections. Conclusions document takeover IHEs, reaching near-fixation within span 9.5–12.5 days despite loads, average, previously dominant variant. These findings highlight transmissibility Omicron, rapidly dominate small populations, ability robust programs offer early insights pathogen arrival spread.
Language: Английский
Citations
30
PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3)
Published: March 1, 2023
SARS-CoV-2 viral-load measurements from a single-specimen type are used to establish diagnostic strategies, interpret clinical-trial results for vaccines and therapeutics, model viral transmission, understand virus-host interactions. However, implicitly assumed be representative of other specimen types. We quantified timecourses individuals who began daily self-sampling saliva, anterior-nares (nasal), oropharyngeal (throat) swabs before or at the incidence infection with Omicron variant. Viral loads in different types same person timepoint exhibited extreme differences, up 109 copies/mL. These differences were not due variation sample self-collection, which was consistent. For most individuals, longitudinal did correlate. Throat-swab saliva rise as many 7 days earlier than nasal-swab leading very low clinical sensitivity nasal during first infection. Individuals frequently presumably infectious one while undetectable Therefore, defining an individual based on assessment underestimates period, overestimates ability that detect individuals. COVID-19 testing, these three have sensitivity, whereas combined throat-nasal swab, assays high analytical inferred significantly better presumed pre-infectious
Language: Английский
Citations
22
FACETS, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 1493 - 1597
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA is a relatively recent adaptation of long-standing wastewater infectious and other harmful agents. Individuals infected with COVID-19 were found to shed in their faeces. Researchers around the world confirmed that fragments could be detected quantified community wastewater. Canadian academic researchers, largely as volunteer initiatives, reported proof-of-concept by April 2020. National collaboration was initially facilitated Water Network. Many public health officials skeptical about actionable information being provided even though experience has shown pandemic no single, perfect approach. Rather, different approaches provide insights, each its own strengths limitations. Public science must triangulate among forms evidence maximize understanding what happening or may expected. Well-conceived, resourced, implemented wastewater-based platforms can cost-effective approach support conventional lines evidence. Sustaining monitoring future disease targets states challenge. Canada benefit from taking lessons learned develop forward-looking interpretive frameworks capacity implement, adapt, expand such capabilities.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 107718 - 107718
Published: Dec. 23, 2022
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) offers a tool for cost-effective oversight of population's infections. In the past two years, WBS has proven to be crucial managing pandemic across different geographical regions. However, changing context due high levels COVID-19 vaccination warrants closer examination its implication towards WBS. Two main questions were raised: 1) Does cause shedding viral signatures without infection? 2) affect relationship between wastewater and clinical data? To answer, we review historical reports from vaccines in use prior including polio, rotavirus, influenza measles infection provide perspective on implications strategies with regard potential into sewershed. Additionally, reviewed studies that looked data how campaigns could have affected relationship. Finally, analyzing Netherlands, observed changes concomitant increasing coverage switches dominant variants concern. First, no vaccine-derived is expected current commercial pipeline may confound interpretation data. Secondly, breakthrough infections vaccinated individuals contribute significantly signals must interpreted light dynamics new
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 19, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1223 - 1223
Published: July 30, 2022
In the light of lack authorized COVID-19 vaccines adapted to Omicron variant lineage, administration first and second booster dose is recommended. It remains important monitor efficacy such an approach in order inform future preventive strategies. The present paper summarizes research progress on effectiveness doses COVID-19. also discusses potential vaccination strategies that could be undertaken maintain high levels protection during waves SARS-CoV-2 infections. Although this can based, with some shortcomings, first-generation vaccines, other should explored, including developing multiple antigen-based (multivariant-adapted) enhanced durability immune protection, e.g., through optimization half-life generated antibodies.
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 2221 - 2221
Published: March 29, 2022
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing, with no signs of abatement in sight. severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which the causative agent this and has claimed over 5 million lives, mutating, resulting numerous variants. One newest variants Omicron, shows an increase its transmissibility, but also reportedly reduces hospitalization rates milder symptoms, such as those who have been vaccinated. As a result, many believe that Omicron provides natural vaccination, first step toward ending COVID-19 pandemic. Based on published research scientific evidence, we review discuss how end predicted to occur result being surpassed community. In light findings our research, it most likely true variant way vaccinating masses slowing spread deadly While mutation causes encouraging, subsequent mutations do not guarantee will be less severe. virus continues evolve, humans must constantly adapt by increasing their immunity through vaccination.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7899), P. 22 - 24
Published: Feb. 24, 2022
The fast-moving variant poses new puzzles in viral transmission, severity and evolution.
Language: Английский
Citations
18