Kimura’s Theory of Non-Adaptive Radiation and Peto’s Paradox: A Missing Link? DOI Creative Commons
John H. Herrick

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1140 - 1140

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Karyotype diversity reflects genome integrity and stability. A strong correlation between karyotype species richness, meaning the number of in a phylogenetic clade, was first reported mammals over forty years ago: mammalian clades, standard deviation (KD) closely corresponded to richness (SR) at order level. These initial studies, however, did not control for signal, raising possibility that due relatedness among clade. Accordingly, trivially simply as passive consequence adaptive radiation. more recent study controlled signals established phylogenetically independent, suggesting cannot, itself, explain observed corresponding diversity. The is, therefore, remarkable because molecular mechanisms contributing are evolutionarily independent ecological richness. Recently, it shown salamanders two processes generating size were indeed operate parallel, potential non-adaptive, non-causal but biologically meaningful relationship. KD depends on mutational input genetic stability, whereas factors natural selection acting phenotypic As mutation independently involve separate unrelated evolutionary mechanisms—there is no reason priori expect such strong, let alone any, SR. That exists consistent with Kimura’s theory non-adaptive radiation than ecologically based theories macro-evolution, which excluded theory. following reviews evidence support proposal, other findings contribute wider understanding underlying process

Language: Английский

A chromatin code for limb segment identity in axolotl limb regeneration DOI Creative Commons
Akane Kawaguchi, Jingkui Wang, Dunja Knapp

et al.

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(16), P. 2239 - 2253.e9

Published: May 23, 2024

The salamander limb correctly regenerates missing segments because connective tissue cells have segment-specific identities, termed "positional information". How positional information is molecularly encoded at the chromatin level has been unknown. Here, we performed genome-wide profiling in mature and regenerating axolotl cells. We find levels of histone H3K27me3 as major mark, especially homeoprotein gene loci but not their upstream regulators, constituting an intrinsic segment code. During regeneration, regeneration-specific regulatory elements became active prior to re-appearance developmental elements. In hand, permissive state HoxA13 engages with regeneration program bypassing upper program. Comparison those found other regenerative animals identified a core shared set transcription factors, supporting ancient, conserved

Language: Английский

Citations

13
The evolution of aging and lifespan DOI Creative Commons

Stacy Li,

Juan Manuel Vázquez, Peter H. Sudmant

et al.

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(11), P. 830 - 843

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories tradeoffs that are reflected patterns diversification constraint organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts selection also shape allele frequencies populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility environment-specific mortality risk. Further, the mutational processes spawn this genetic both germline somatic cells strongly influenced age life history. We discuss recent advances our understanding evolution aging at organismal, population, cellular scales, highlight outstanding questions remain unanswered.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Xenotopic synthetic biology: Prospective tools for delaying aging and age-related diseases DOI Creative Commons
Andrey A. Parkhitko, Valentin Cracan

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(13)

Published: March 28, 2025

Metabolic dysregulation represents one of the major driving forces in aging. Although multiple genetic and pharmacological manipulations are known to extend longevity model organisms, aging is a complex trait, targeting one’s own genes may be insufficient prevent age-dependent deterioration. An alternative strategy could use enzymes from other species reverse age-associated metabolic changes. In this review, we discuss set lower organisms that have been shown affect various parameters linked age-related processes. These include modulators steady-state levels amino acids (METase, ASNase, ADI), NADPH/NADP + and/or reduced form coenzyme Q (CoQH 2 )/CoQ redox potentials (NDI1, AOX, Lb NOX, TPNOX, Ec STH, RquA, LOXCAT, Grubraw, ScURA), GSH (StGshF), mitochondrial membrane potential (mtON mito-dR), or reactive oxygen (DAAO KillerRed-SOD1). We propose leveraging non-mammalian an untapped resource can used delay diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Peto’s paradox revisited (revisited, revisited, revisited, and revisited yet again) DOI Creative Commons
Vincent J. Lynch

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(14)

Published: March 31, 2025

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions felt in body, somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious experiences. Here reveal maps bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Preserving Fossilized Soft Tissues: Advancing Proteomics and Unveiling the Evolutionary History of Cancer in Dinosaurs DOI Creative Commons
Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Biancastella Cereser, Sérgio Bertazzo

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 370 - 370

Published: April 3, 2025

Understanding how life-history strategies influence cancer susceptibility in dinosaurs requires a molecular-level analysis of preserved soft tissues. While previous research has largely focused on skeletal remains, the discovery tissue structures fossils, such as Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus, highlights need for new approach. Paleoproteomics offers transformative opportunity to analyze ancient proteins, revealing evolutionary trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and suppression. This study argues that prioritizing fossil collection preservation is crucial, future advances molecular techniques will allow deeper insights into disease evolution. By integrating theory with paleopathology, we can better understand selective pressures shaped extinct species identify potential mechanisms tumor resistance. commentary necessity long-term conservation efforts support breakthroughs biology comparative oncology.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Promoting health and survival through lowered body temperature DOI
Bruno Conti,

Rafael de Cabo

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The stem cell zoo for comparative studies of developmental tempo DOI Creative Commons
Jorge Lázaro, Jaroslaw Sochacki, Miki Ebisuya

et al.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 102149 - 102149

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

The rate of development is highly variable across animal species. However, the mechanisms regulating developmental tempo have remained elusive due to difficulties in performing direct interspecies comparisons. Here, we discuss how pluripotent stem cell-based models can be used investigate cell- and tissue-autonomous temporal processes. These systems enable quantitative comparisons different species under similar experimental conditions. Moreover, constantly growing cell zoo collection allows extension studies a great number unconventional We argue that constitutes powerful platform perform comparative tempo, as well study other forms biological time control such species-specific lifespan, heart rate, circadian clocks.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Rapid evolution of genes with anti-cancer functions during the origins of large bodies and cancer resistance in elephants DOI Creative Commons

Jacob D. Bowman,

Vincent J. Lynch

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Elephants have emerged as a model system to study the evolution of body size and cancer resistance because, despite their immense size, they very low prevalence cancer. Previous studies found that duplication tumor suppressors at least partly contributes anti-cancer cellular phenotypes in elephants. Still, many other mechanisms must contributed augmented resistance. Here, we use suite codon-based maximum-likelihood methods dataset 13,310 protein-coding gene alignments from 261

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Extensive longevity and DNA virus-driven adaptation in nearctic Myotis bats DOI Creative Commons
Juan Manuel Vázquez, M. Elise Lauterbur, Saba Mottaghinia

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Abstract The genus Myotis is one of the largest clades bats, and exhibits some most extreme variation in lifespans among mammals alongside unique adaptations to viral tolerance immune defense. To study evolution longevity-associated traits infectious disease, we generated near-complete genome assemblies cell lines for 8 closely related species . Using genome-wide screens positive selection, analyses structural variation, functional experiments primary lines, identify new patterns adaptation contributing longevity, cancer resistance, interactions bats. We find that bats have significant risk across demonstrate a DNA damage response cells long-lived M. lucifugus also evidence abundant viruses - but not RNA other sharp contrast with mammals, potentially role as reservoirs zoonoses. Together, our results how genomics derived from diverse taxa uncover molecular bases non-model organisms.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The circadian rhythm: A key variable in aging? DOI Creative Commons
Patrick R. Winterhalter, Adrian‐Iustin Georgevici, Nitin Gharpure

et al.

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(11)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract The determination of age‐related transcriptional changes may contribute to the understanding health and life expectancy. broad application results from age cohorts have limitations. Altering sample sizes per time point or sex, using a single mouse strain tissue, limited number replicates, omitting middle can bias surveys. To achieve higher general validity identify less distinctive players, bulk RNA sequencing cohort, including seven organs two strains both sexes 5 ages, was performed. Machine learning by bootstrapped variable importance selection methodology (Boruta) used common aging features where circadian rhythms (CiR) transcripts appear as promising markers in an unsupervised analysis. Pathways 11 numerically analyzed local network clusters were affected classified into four major gene expression profiles, whereby CiR proteostasis candidates particularly conspicuous with partially opposing changes. In data‐based interaction association network, CiR‐proteostasis axis occupies exposed central position, highlighting its relevance. computation 11,830 individual transcript associations provides potential superordinate contributors, such hormones, changes, CiR. hormone‐sensitive LNCaP cells, short‐term supraphysiologic levels sex hormones dihydrotestosterone estradiol increase Bhlhe40 associated senescence regulator Cdkn2b (p15). According these findings, bilateral dysregulation appears fundamental protagonist aging, whose could serve biological marker restoration therapeutic opportunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

1