Aging Fly Cell Atlas identifies exhaustive aging features at cellular resolution

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6650)

Published: June 15, 2023

Aging is characterized by a decline in tissue function, but the underlying changes at cellular resolution across organism remain unclear. Here, we present Fly Cell Atlas, single-nucleus transcriptomic map of whole aging

Language: Английский

---

Polyploidy in the adult Drosophila brain

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Long-lived cells such as terminally differentiated postmitotic neurons and glia must cope with the accumulation of damage over course an animal's lifespan. How long-lived deal ageing-related is poorly understood. Here we show that polyploid accumulate in adult fly brain polyploidy protects against DNA damage-induced cell death. Multiple types are diploid at eclosion, become

Language: Английский

---

Cell Cycle Re-entry in the Nervous System: From Polyploidy to Neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 24, 2021

Terminally differentiated cells of the nervous system have long been considered to be in a stable non-cycling state and are often permanently G0. Exit from cell cycle during development is coincident with differentiation neurons, critical for neuronal function. But what happens lived postmitotic tissues that accumulate damage or suffer loss aging? In other contexts, normally non-dividing can re-enter begin replicating their DNA facilitate cellular growth response loss. This leads called polyploidy, where contain multiple copies genome. A growing body literature several vertebrate invertebrate model organisms has shown polyploidy may more common than previously appreciated occurs under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, it found polyploidization play protective role when challenged oxidative stress. By contrast, work over last two half decades discovered link between cell-cycle reentry neurons neurodegenerative this context, re-entry widely aberrant deleterious health. review, we highlight historical emerging reports systems various organisms. We discuss potential functions system, particularly context long-lived age-associated polyploidization. Finally, attempt reconcile seemingly disparate associations both neurodegeneration neuroprotection.

Language: Английский

---

Autonomous clocks that regulate organelle biogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular dynamics

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

How do cells perceive time? Do use temporal information to regulate the production/degradation of their enzymes, membranes, and organelles? Does controlling biological time influence cytoskeletal organization cellular architecture in ways that confer evolutionary physiological advantages? Potential answers these fundamental questions cell biology have historically revolved around discussion 'master' programs, such as principal cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin division oscillator circadian clock. In this review, we provide an overview recent evidence supporting emerging concept 'autonomous clocks,' which under normal conditions can be

Language: Английский

---

Recovery from heat‐induced infertility—A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12)

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Abstract The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Across animal taxa, male reproduction often sensitive elevated temperatures leading fertility loss, and in more adverse scenarios, this can result sterility when males reach their upper thermal limit. Here, we investigate temperature‐induced changes reproductive tissues, reduction, sterility, the associated fitness loss during subsequent recovery phase Drosophila melanogaster . We heat‐stressed development either allowed them recover or not early adulthood while measuring several determinants of success. found significant differences rate, organ sizes, sperm production, other key traits among from our different treatments. Sperm maturation was impaired before reaching threshold. While some effects were reversible, did compensate for due damage imposed development. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress damaging accessory gland growth, female post‐mating responses mediated seminal fluid proteins regardless possibility recovery. suggest that sub‐lethal reduction are combination inefficient functionality both testes.

Language: Английский

---

A <em>Drosophila</em> Model to Study Wound-induced Polyploidization

Journal of Visualized Experiments, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 160

Published: June 9, 2020

Polyploidy is a frequent phenomenon whose impact on organismal health and disease still poorly understood. A cell defined as polyploid if it contains more than the diploid copy of its chromosomes, which result endoreplication or fusion. In tissue repair, wound-induced polyploidization (WIP) has been found to be conserved healing strategy from fruit flies vertebrates. WIP several advantages over proliferation, including resistance oncogenic growth genotoxic stress. The challenge identify why cells arise how these unique function. Provided detailed protocol study in adult fly epithelium where are generated within 2 days after puncture wound. Taking advantage D. melanogaster's extensive genetic tool kit, genes required initiate regulate WIP, Myc, have begun identified. Continued studies using this method can reveal other physiological variables sex, diet, age influence WIP's

Language: Английский

---

Recovery from heat-induced infertility -- a study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 12, 2022

The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Male reproduction particularly sensitive elevated temperatures resulting in sterility. Here we investigate induced changes reproductive tissues and the fertility reduction male Drosophila melanogaster. We challenged males during development either allowed them recover or not early adulthood, while measuring several determinants of success. found significant differences recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production other key traits among from our different treatments. Spermatogenesis hence maturation was impaired before reaching upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did compensate earlier damage imposed. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress damaging accessory gland growth female post mating responses mediated seminal fluid proteins regardless possibility recovery. suggest that sub-lethal subsequent combination malfunctioning traits: inefficient functionality alteration spermatogenesis.

Language: Английский

---

Lagging Brain Gene Expression Patterns of Drosophila melanogaster Young Adult Males Confound Comparisons Between Sexes

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract Many species, including fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ), are sexually dimorphic. Phenotypic variation in morphology, physiology, and behavior can affect development, reproduction, health, aging. Therefore, designating sex as a variable sex-blocking should be considered when designing experiments. The brain regulates phenotypes throughout the lifespan by balancing survival sex-specific development at each life stage is likely. Changes morphology physiology governed differential gene expression, quantifiable molecular marker for age- variations. We assessed fly transcriptome three adult ages expression signatures of sex, age, sex-by-age: 6698 genes were differentially expressed between sexes, with most divergence 3 days. Between ages, 31.1% 6084 (1890 genes) share similar patterns from to 7 days females, 14 males. Most these (90.5%, 1712) upregulated enriched chemical stimulus detection and/or cilium regulation. Our data highlight an important delay male regulation compared females. Because significant delays could confound comparisons studies sexual dimorphism phenotypically comparable stages rather than chronological age more biologically relevant.

Language: Английский

---

Regional specialization, polyploidy, and seminal fluid transcripts in the Drosophila female reproductive tract

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(44)

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Sexual reproduction requires the choreographed interaction of female cells and molecules with sperm seminal fluid. In internally fertilizing animals, these interactions are managed by specialized tissues within reproductive tract (FRT), such as a uterus, glands, storage organs. However, somatic remain understudied, hindering insight into molecular that support fertility. Here, we report identification, characterization, analysis cell types throughout FRT in premier

Language: Английский

---

A <em>Drosophila</em> Model to Study Wound-induced Polyploidization

Journal of Visualized Experiments, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 160

Published: June 9, 2020

Polyploidy is a frequent phenomenon whose impact on organismal health and disease still poorly understood. A cell defined as polyploid if it contains more than the diploid copy of its chromosomes, which result endoreplication or fusion. In tissue repair, wound-induced polyploidization (WIP) has been found to be conserved healing strategy from fruit flies vertebrates. WIP several advantages over proliferation, including resistance oncogenic growth genotoxic stress. The challenge identify why cells arise how these unique function. Provided detailed protocol study in adult fly epithelium where are generated within 2 days after puncture wound. Taking advantage D. melanogaster's extensive genetic tool kit, genes required initiate regulate WIP, Myc, have begun identified. Continued studies using this method can reveal other physiological variables sex, diet, age influence WIP's

Language: Английский

---