Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
35(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2022
The
human
body
is
full
of
an
extensive
number
commensal
microbes,
consisting
bacteria,
viruses,
and
fungi,
collectively
termed
the
microbiome.
initial
acquisition
microbiota
occurs
from
both
external
maternal
environments,
vast
majority
them
colonize
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT).
These
microbial
communities
play
a
central
role
in
maturation
development
immune
system,
nervous
GIT
system
are
also
responsible
for
essential
metabolic
pathways.
Various
factors,
including
host
genetic
predisposition,
environmental
lifestyle,
diet,
antibiotic
or
nonantibiotic
drug
use,
etc.,
affect
composition
gut
microbiota.
Recent
publications
have
highlighted
that
imbalance
microflora,
known
as
dysbiosis,
associated
with
onset
progression
neurological
disorders.
Moreover,
characterization
microbiome-host
cross
talk
pathways
provides
insight
into
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Novel
preclinical
clinical
research
on
interventions
related
to
microbiome
treating
conditions,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
Parkinson's
disease,
schizophrenia,
multiple
sclerosis,
Alzheimer's
epilepsy,
stroke,
hold
significant
promise.
This
review
aims
present
comprehensive
overview
potential
involvement
pathogenesis
particular
emphasis
microbe-based
therapies
and/or
diagnostic
biomarkers.
discusses
health
benefits
administration
probiotics,
prebiotics,
postbiotics,
synbiotics
fecal
transplantation
Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
352(6286), P. 712 - 716
Published: April 1, 2016
Too
much
cleaning
up
The
complement
system
and
microglia
seek
out
destroy
unwanted
cellular
debris
for
the
peripheral
immune
as
well
excess
synapses
in
developing
brain.
Hong
et
al.
now
show
how
may
go
haywire
adults
early
progression
toward
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
Aberrant
synapse
loss
is
an
feature
of
correlates
with
cognitive
decline.
In
mice
susceptible
to
AD,
was
associated
synapses,
microglial
function
required
loss.
authors
speculate
that
aberrant
activation
this
“trash
disposal”
underlies
AD
pathology.
Science
,
issue
p.
712
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
2(5), P. a006270 - a006270
Published: Feb. 7, 2012
Christian
Haass1,
Christoph
Kaether2,
Gopal
Thinakaran3
and
Sangram
Sisodia3
DZNE—German
Center
for
Neurodegenerative
Diseases,
80336
Munich,
Germany;
Adolf
Butenandt-Institute,
Biochemistry,
Ludwig-Maximilians
University,
Germany
Leibniz
Institut
für
Altersforschung,
D-07745
Jena,
Department
of
Neurobiology,
University
Chicago,
Illinois
60637
Correspondence:
christian.haass{at}dzne.lmu.de;
ssisodia{at}bsd.uchicago.edu
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
2(4), P. a006213 - a006213
Published: Jan. 31, 2012
Imaging
has
played
a
variety
of
roles
in
the
study
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
over
past
four
decades.
Initially,
computed
tomography
(CT)
and
then
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
were
used
diagnostically
to
rule
out
other
causes
dementia.
More
recently,
modalities
including
structural
functional
MRI
positron
emission
(PET)
studies
cerebral
metabolism
with
fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose
(FDG)
amyloid
tracers
such
as
Pittsburgh
Compound-B
(PiB)
have
shown
characteristic
changes
brains
patients
AD,
prodromal
even
presymptomatic
states
that
can
help
rule-in
AD
pathophysiological
process.
No
one
modality
serve
all
purposes
each
unique
strengths
weaknesses.
These
their
particular
utilities
are
discussed
this
article.
The
challenge
for
future
will
be
combine
biomarkers
most
efficiently
facilitate
diagnosis,
staging,
and,
importantly,
development
effective
disease-modifying
therapies.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. a006312 - a006312
Published: Jan. 10, 2012
Apolipoprotein
E
(APOE)
genotype
is
the
major
genetic
risk
factor
for
Alzheimer
disease
(AD);
ε4
allele
increases
and
ε2
protective.
In
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
apoE
produced
by
glial
cells,
present
in
high-density-like
lipoproteins,
interacts
with
several
receptors
that
are
members
of
low-density
lipoprotein
receptor
(LDLR)
family,
a
protein
binds
to
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
peptide.
There
variety
mechanisms
which
isoform
may
influence
AD.
substantial
evidence
differential
effects
on
AD
influenced
ability
affect
Aβ
aggregation
clearance
brain.
Other
also
likely
play
role
CNS
function
as
well
AD,
including
synaptic
plasticity,
cell
signaling,
lipid
transport
metabolism,
neuroinflammation.
ApoE
receptors,
LDLRs,
Apoer2,
very
(VLDLRs),
receptor-related
1
(LRP1)
appear
both
metabolism
toxicity.
Therapeutic
strategies
based
include
influencing
apoE/Aβ
interactions,
structure,
lipidation,
LDLR
family
member
function,
signaling.
Understanding
normal
disease-related
biology
connecting
apoE,
provide
novel
insights
into
pathogenesis
treatment.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
115(17), P. 4483 - 4488
Published: April 9, 2018
Significance
There
has
been
an
emerging
interest
in
sleep
and
its
association
with
β-amyloid
burden
as
a
risk
factor
for
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Despite
the
evidence
that
acute
deprivation
elevates
levels
mouse
interstitial
fluid
human
cerebrospinal
fluid,
not
much
is
known
about
impact
of
on
brain.
Using
positron
emission
tomography,
here
we
show
impacts
brain
regions
have
implicated
Our
observations
provide
preliminary
negative
effect
