Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of human skin melanogenesis and pigmentation

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 40(4), P. 328 - 347

Published: May 12, 2018

Abstract In human skin, melanogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Indeed, several extracellular signals are transduced via dedicated signalling pathways and mostly converge to MITF , transcription factor integrating upstream regulating downstream genes involved in the various inherent mechanisms modulating melanogenesis. The synthesis of melanin pigments occurs melanocytes inside melanosomes where melanogenic enzymes (tyrosinase related proteins) addressed with help specific protein complexes. loaded then transferred keratinocytes. A more elaborate level regulation comes into play action non‐coding RNA s (micro s, lnc s). Besides this canonical regulation, can also be modulated by other non‐specific intrinsic (hormonal environment, inflammation) extrinsic factors (solar irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, environmental pollution). We developed bioinformatic interaction network gathering multiple aspects skin pigmentation resource better understand study biology.

Language: Английский

---

Structure of Human Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 Reveals a Binuclear Zinc Active Site Important for Melanogenesis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 56(33), P. 9812 - 9815

Published: June 29, 2017

Abstract Tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TYRP1) is one of three tyrosinase‐like glycoenzymes in human melanocytes that are key to the production melanin, compound responsible for pigmentation skin, eye, and hair. Difficulties with producing these enzymes pure form have hampered understanding their activity effect mutations cause albinism disorders. Herein we show typical subdomain TYRP1 contains two zinc ions active site instead copper as found tyrosinases, which explains why does not exhibit tyrosinase redox activity. In addition, structures reveal first time Cys‐rich subdomain, unique vertebrate melanogenic proteins, has an epidermal growth factor‐like fold tightly associated subdomain. Our suggest most albinism‐related affect its stability or

Language: Английский

---

Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances

Cosmetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 57 - 57

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

One of the most common approaches for control skin pigmentation involves inhibition tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes key steps melanogenesis. This review focuses on tyrosinase properties series natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in literature last five years. Both mushroom human inhibitors been considered. Among first class, flavonoids, particular chalcones, occupy prominent role as inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A more complex from variety sources, all belonging to Moraceae family, also described potent inhibitors. As synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids chalcones again appear exploited scaffolds. Several mechanisms reported pointing copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties structural requirements achieve good properties. Emerging trends search novel depigmenting agents, including development assays could distinguish between potentially toxic substrates well formulations aimed at improving bioavailability hence effectiveness well-known addressed.

Language: Английский

---

Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(36), P. 22159 - 22198

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

This review revealed that among all the natural and synthetic flavonoids, inhibitory findings suggest flavonol moiety can serve as an effective a lead structural scaffold for further development of novel TIs.

Language: Английский

---

The journey from melanocytes to melanoma

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 372 - 390

Published: April 24, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The Double-Edged Sword of Oxidative Stress in Skin Damage and Melanoma: From Physiopathology to Therapeutical Approaches

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 612 - 612

Published: March 23, 2022

The skin is constantly exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An adequate balance between ROS levels antioxidant defenses necessary for the optimal cell tissue functions, especially skin, since it must face additional that do not affect other tissues, including UV radiation. Melanocytes are more oxidative stress than cells, also due melanin production process, which itself contributes generating ROS. There an increasing amount evidence may play a role in many diseases, melanoma, being primary cause or cofactor aggravates condition. Indeed, emerging as another major force involved all phases melanoma development, only arising malignancy but progression toward metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, seems chemoresistance thus has become target therapy. In this review, we discuss existing knowledge on examining defenses, giving particular consideration melanocytes. Therefore, focus significance analyzing possibility exploit induction therapeutic strategy improve effectiveness management melanoma.

Language: Английский

---

Efficacy and safety of oral ritlecitinib for the treatment of active nonsegmental vitiligo: A randomized phase 2b clinical trial

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 88(2), P. 395 - 403

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 378 - 378

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic synthetic inspired by these natural products, such kojic acid produced several species of fungi; arbutin—a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from bearberry plant; vanillin—a phenolic aldehyde vanilla bean, etc. After inhibition screening, various showed therapeutic effects tyrosinase inhibitors with values constant IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds structures develop novel inhibitors. review results numerous studies, could lead development effective anti-tyrosinase agents increased efficiency safety near future, many applications food, pharmaceutical cosmetics industries.

Language: Английский

---

New insights into the origin of remote PPG signals in visible light and infrared

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2018

Remote photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical measurement technique with established applications in vital signs monitoring. Recently, the consensual understanding of blood volume variations (BVVs) as origin PPG signals was challenged, raising validity concerns about remote SpO2 methodology. Recognizing imperative for new opto-physiological evidence, this investigation supports volumetric hypothesis living skin experiments and Monte Carlo simulations PPG-amplitude visible light (VIS) infrared (IR). Multilayered models were developed to simulate separate contributions from layers containing pulsatile arterioles signal 450-1000 nm range. The simulated spectra qualitatively compared observations resting compressed finger pad, complemented videocapillaroscopy. Our results indicate that systems indeed probe arterial blood. Green wavelengths dermal while red-IR also reach subcutaneous BVVs. Owing stable penetration depths, diagnostic window promotes invariance measurements non-homogeneities.

Language: Английский

---

A curated gene list for expanding the horizons of pigmentation biology

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 348 - 358

Published: Oct. 19, 2018

Abstract Over the past century, studies of human pigmentary disorders along with mouse and zebrafish models have shed light on many cellular functions associated visible pigment phenotypes. This has led to numerous genes annotated ontology term “pigmentation” in independent human, mouse, databases. Comparisons among these datasets revealed that each is individually incomplete documenting all involved integument‐based pigmentation Additionally, database contained inherent species‐specific biases data annotation, did not solely reflect integument review presents a comprehensive, cross‐species list 650 phenotypes was compiled extensive manual curation OMIM, MGI, ZFIN, GO. The resulting both intrinsic extrinsic cells provides valuable tool can be used expand our knowledge complex, pigmentation‐associated pathways.

Language: Английский

---