The genetic basis of variation in immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e1010934 - e1010934

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if populations were founded by relatively small numbers genotypes. Similarly, among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely only partially overlapping. Differences in for same trait suggests context dependence how selection acts those traits. Similarities traits, other hand, pleiotropy which would influence natural shapes a trait. We characterized immune defense against Drosophila pathogen, Gram-positive bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis , three and found almost no overlap architecture survival post infection. However, when comparing our results experiment with fungal B . bassiana we convincing shared QTL peak both pathogens. This contains Bomanin cluster effectors. Loss function mutants RNAi knockdown experiments confirms role some these genes that act entire (and linked region under QTL) specific peptides

Language: Английский

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Fertility loss and recovery dynamics after repeated heat stress across life stages in male Drosophila melanogaster : patterns and processes

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Frequent and extreme temperatures associated with climate change pose a major threat to biodiversity, particularly for organisms whose metabolism is strictly linked ambient temperatures. Many studies have explored thermal effects on survival, but heat-induced fertility loss emerging as greater population persistence. However, while evidence accumulating that both juvenile adult stages heat exposure can impair in their own ways, much less known about the immediate longer-term fitness consequences of repeated stress across life stages. To address this knowledge gap, we used male Drosophila melanogaster investigate (i) cumulative stages, (ii) potential recovery from these exposures, (iii) underlying mechanisms. We found individual combined chronic acute traits. These tended exacerbate over several days after brief exposure, indicating substantial short-lived organisms. Our findings highlight persistent fitness. Such could accelerate declines, more vulnerable species, emphasizing importance considering reproduction its accurate models species

Language: Английский

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Recovery from heat-induced infertility -- a study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 12, 2022

The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Male reproduction particularly sensitive elevated temperatures resulting in sterility. Here we investigate induced changes reproductive tissues and the fertility reduction male Drosophila melanogaster. We challenged males during development either allowed them recover or not early adulthood, while measuring several determinants of success. found significant differences recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production other key traits among from our different treatments. Spermatogenesis hence maturation was impaired before reaching upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did compensate earlier damage imposed. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress damaging accessory gland growth female post mating responses mediated seminal fluid proteins regardless possibility recovery. suggest that sub-lethal subsequent combination malfunctioning traits: inefficient functionality alteration spermatogenesis.

Language: Английский

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A sex-specific trade-off between pesticide resistance and thermal tolerance in Tetranychus urticae

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract Current pest management relies extensively on pesticide application worldwide, despite the frequent rise of resistance in crop pests. This is particularly worrisome because often not costly enough to be lost populations after application, resulting increased dependency application. As climate warming increases, effort should put into understanding how thermal tolerance will affect persistence populations. To address this, we measured two spider mite Tetranychus urticae that differ solely presence or absence a target-site mutation conferring etoxazole pesticide. We found developmental time and fertility, but survival, were negatively affected by increasing temperatures susceptible population. Furthermore, no difference between resistant all life-history traits when both sexes developed at control temperature, nor females high temperature. Resistant heat-stressed males, contrast, showed lower fertility than ones, indicating sex-specific trade-off resistance. suggests global can lead reduced natural However, females, being as temperature individuals, may buffer toll male fertility. In addition, decrease accelerate adaptation pesticide, which promote maintenance under warming.

Language: Английский

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A Sex‐Specific Trade‐Off Between Pesticide Resistance and Tolerance to Heat‐Induced Sterility in Tetranychus urticae

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Current pest management relies extensively on pesticide application worldwide, despite the frequent rise of resistance in crop pests. This is particularly worrisome because often not costly enough to be lost populations after application, resulting increased dependency application. As climate warming increases, effort should put into understanding how heat tolerance will affect persistence populations. To address this, we measured two spider mite Tetranychus urticae that differ presence or absence a target‐site mutation conferring etoxazole pesticide. We found developmental time and fertility, but survival, were negatively affected by increasing temperatures susceptible population. Furthermore, no difference between resistant all life‐history traits when both sexes developed at control temperature, nor females high temperature. Resistant heat‐stressed males, contrast, showed lower fertility than ones, indicating sex‐specific trade‐off resistance. suggests global could lead reduced natural However, females, being as temperature individuals, may buffer toll male shorter accelerate adaptation cost thereof. Ultimately, complex dynamic these factors determine whether can persist under warming.

Language: Английский

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Life stage-specific effects of heat stress on spermatogenesis and oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Thermal Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 104001 - 104001

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The genetic basis of variation immune defense againstLysinibacillus fusiformisinfection inDrosophila melanogaster

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Abstract The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if populations were founded by relatively small numbers genotypes. Similarly, among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely only partially overlapping. Differences in for same trait suggests considerable context dependence how selection might act those traits. Similarities traits, other hand, pleiotropy which would influence natural shape a trait. We characterized immune defense against Drosophila pathogen, Gram-positive Lysinibacillus fusiformis , three and found almost no overlap architecture survival post infection. However, when comparing our results experiment with fungal B. bassiana we convincing shared QTL peak both pathogens. This contains Bomanin cluster effectors. RNAi knockdown experiments confirms role some these genes that entire (and linked region under QTL) specific peptides Author Summary Like most way individuals respond infection vary within population. Some this is caused differences host organism. Over past decade, two prominent resources developed assess complex fruit fly, melanogaster map variants responsible. recently described strain bacteria, was isolated from flies moderately virulent are infected. mapped resistance L. using mapping resources. find resources, changes associated defense. resource, genome pathogen. These suggest adapt differently pathogens, but distinct pathogens share single

Language: Английский

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Heat stress reveals a fertility debt owing to postcopulatory sexual selection

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

ABSTRACT Climates are changing rapidly, demanding equally rapid adaptation of natural populations. Whether sexual selection can aid such is under debate; while should promote when individuals with high mating success also best adapted to their local surroundings, the expression sexually selected traits incur costs. Here we asked what demographic consequences costs may be once climates change become harsher and strength increases. We investigated how an evolutionary history strong postcopulatory (sperm competition) affects male fertility acute adult heat stress. Harnessing empirical potential long-term experimental evolution in seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus , assessed thermal sensitivity (TSF) replicated lines maintained for 68 generations three alternative regimes manipulating opportunity selection. find that males evolving suffer from increased TSF, sperm competition (P2: offense) genetically correlated TSF. Interestingly, females regime selection, who experienced relaxed on own reproductive effort, had benign settings but suffered like brothers. This implies female TSF evolved through genetic correlation males. Paternal not maternal stress reduced offspring no evidence adaptive transgenerational plasticity among heat-exposed offspring, indicating observed effects compound over generations. Our results suggest trade-offs between increasing revealed harsh environments. put polyandrous species risk during extreme waves expected future climate change. IMPACT STATEMENT How will populations respond a warming world? Of concern negative elevated temperatures fertility, which many substantially lower than ones causing death. Incorporating knowledge species-specific limits has improved estimates current species’ ranges renders more pessimistic view responses Sexual process interact strongest species, mate multiply multiple compete fertilization eggs. Therefore, often invest heavily competition. However, given finite resources, investment come at expense other processes needed maintain integrity germline, compromised reduce quality. investment, fuelled by affect warming? To address this question, first different laboratory independently manipulated levels exposed adults these measured females. leads debt was apparent females, themselves were investment. Thus, genes seems have impaired both sexes Forecasts response do incorporate therefore underestimate vulnerability temperatures.

Language: Английский

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scRNA-seq reveals novel genetic pathways and sex chromosome regulation inTriboliumspermatogenesis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 18, 2023

Abstract Insights into single cell expression data are generally collected through well conserved biological markers that separate cells known and unknown populations. Unfortunately for non-model organisms lack markers, it is often impossible to partition biologically relevant clusters which hinders analysis the species. Tribolium castaneum , red flour beetle, lacks spermatogenesis found in insect species like Drosophila melanogaster . Using sequencing from adult beetle testes, we implement a strategy elucidating meaningful populations by using transient stage identification weighted principal component leiden clustering. We identify correspond observable points sperm differentiation find specific each stage. also develop an innovative method differentiate diploid haploid based on scRNA-Seq reads use corroborate our predicted demarcation of meiotic stages. Our results demonstrate molecular pathways underlying Coleoptera highly diverged those Diptera, relying several genes with female pathway annotations. X chromosome almost completely silenced throughout pre-meiotic cells. Further evidence suggests machinery homologous dosage compensation complex (DCC) may mediate escape sex inactivation postmeiotic reactivation chromosome.

Language: Английский

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