Microbial Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(6), P. 1131 - 1173
Published: Feb. 14, 2023
Practical
experiments
drive
important
scientific
discoveries
in
biology,
but
theory-based
research
studies
also
contribute
novel-sometimes
paradigm-changing-findings.
Here,
we
appraise
the
roles
of
approaches
focusing
on
experiment-dominated
wet-biology
areas
microbial
growth
and
survival,
cell
physiology,
host-pathogen
interactions,
competitive
or
symbiotic
interactions.
Additional
examples
relate
to
analyses
genome-sequence
data,
climate
change
planetary
health,
habitability,
astrobiology.
We
assess
importance
thought
at
each
step
process;
natural
philosophy,
inconsistencies
logic
language,
as
drivers
progress;
value
experiments;
use
limitations
artificial
intelligence
technologies,
including
their
potential
for
interdisciplinary
transdisciplinary
research;
other
instances
when
theory
is
most-direct
most-scientifically
robust
route
novelty
development
techniques
practical
experimentation
fieldwork.
highlight
intrinsic
need
human
engagement
innovation,
an
issue
pertinent
ongoing
controversy
over
papers
authored
using/authored
by
(such
large
language
model/chatbot
ChatGPT).
Other
issues
discussed
are
way
which
aspects
can
bias
thinking
towards
spatial
rather
than
temporal
(and
how
this
biased
lead
skewed
terminology);
receptivity
that
non-mainstream;
science
education
epistemology.
Whereas
briefly
classic
works
(those
Oakes
Ames,
Francis
H.C.
Crick
James
D.
Watson,
Charles
R.
Darwin,
Albert
Einstein,
E.
Lovelock,
Lynn
Margulis,
Gilbert
Ryle,
Erwin
R.J.A.
Schrödinger,
Alan
M.
Turing,
others),
focus
microbiology
more-recent,
discussing
these
context
process
types
they
represent.
These
include
several
carried
out
during
2020
2022
lockdowns
COVID-19
pandemic
access
laboratories
was
disallowed
(or
limited).
interviewed
authors
some
featured
microbiology-related
and-although
ourselves
involved
laboratory
fieldwork-also
drew
from
our
own
experiences
showing
such
not
only
produce
new
findings
transcend
barriers
between
disciplines,
act
counter
reductionism,
integrate
biological
data
across
different
timescales
levels
complexity,
circumvent
constraints
imposed
techniques.
In
relation
urgent
needs,
believe
global
challenges
may
require
beyond
experiment.
Microbial Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 191 - 214
Published: Dec. 22, 2021
Water
is
the
cellular
milieu,
drives
all
biochemistry
within
Earth's
biosphere
and
facilitates
microbe-mediated
decay
processes.
Instead
of
reviewing
these
topics,
current
article
focuses
on
activities
water
as
a
preservative-its
capacity
to
maintain
long-term
integrity
viability
microbial
cells-and
identifies
mechanisms
by
which
this
occurs.
provides
for,
maintains,
structures;
buffers
against
thermodynamic
extremes,
at
various
scales;
can
mitigate
events
that
are
traumatic
cell
membrane,
such
desiccation-rehydration,
freeze-thawing
thermal
shock;
prevents
dehydration
otherwise
exacerbate
oxidative
damage;
mitigates
biocidal
factors
(in
some
circumstances
reducing
ultraviolet
radiation
diluting
solute
stressors
or
toxic
substances);
effective
electrostatic
screening
so
damage
intense
fields
ions.
In
addition,
retained
in
desiccated
cells
(historically
referred
'bound'
water)
plays
key
roles
biomacromolecular
structures
their
interactions
even
for
fully
hydrated
cells.
Assuming
components
membrane
chemically
stable
least
repairable,
environment
fairly
constant,
molecules
apparently
geometries
over
very
long
periods
provided
configurations
represent
thermodynamically
states.
The
spores
vegetative
many
microbes
survive
longer
presence
vapour-phase
(at
moderate-to-high
relative
humidities)
than
under
more-arid
conditions.
There
several
large
bodies
water,
when
cooled
during
subzero
weather
conditions
remain
liquid
state
thus
preventing
potentially
dangerous
(freeze-thaw)
transitions
microbiome.
Microbial
life
be
preserved
pure
freshwater
systems,
seawater,
brines,
ice/permafrost,
sugar-rich
aqueous
milieux
according
laboratory-based
studies
carried
out
years
decades
natural
environments
have
yielded
thousands,
(for
hypersaline
fluid
inclusions
mineralized
NaCl)
hundreds
millions,
old.
term
preservative
has
often
been
restricted
those
substances
used
extend
shelf
foods
(e.g.
sodium
benzoate,
nitrites
sulphites)
conserve
dead
organisms,
ethanol
formaldehyde.
For
living
microorganisms
however,
ultimate
may
actually
water.
Implications
role
discussed
with
reference
ecology
halophiles,
human
pathogens
other
microbes;
food
science;
biotechnology;
biosignatures
aspects
astrobiology;
large-scale
release/reactivation
caused
global
climate
change.
Fungal Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
128(8), P. 2399 - 2407
Published: March 13, 2024
Aspergillus
flavus
occurs
as
a
contaminant
of
various
foods
and
animal
feeds
can
produce
the
mycotoxin
aflatoxin
B1
that
is
danger
to
human
health.
Here,
we
develop
models
predict
behaviour
A.
in
maize
extract
agar
grains.
Growth
production
were
recorded
on
at
20–35
°C
water
activities
from
0.84
0.90.
We
then
obtained
probability
models—using
temperature,
activity,
time
explanatory
variables—based
data
growth
production.
Additional
generated
under
two
dynamically
changing
temperature
regimes.
Initial
relative
humidity
during
incubation,
recorded.
Predicted
dynamic
conditions
based
built
static
depended
regime
substrate,
concordance
ranging
66
100%,
with
lower
concordances
for
prediction.
Interestingly,
was
higher
grains
than
agar.
Moreover,
this
work
suggests
safe
activity
cereal
may
depend
previous
temperatures
which
have
allowed
fungal
so
trigger
later
toxin
stress.
Geology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
51(9), P. 818 - 822
Published: June 22, 2023
Abstract
Various
sulfate
minerals
exist
on
Mars;
except
for
gypsum,
they
are
understudied
Earth.
Extremophiles
have
been
documented
in
modern
gypsum
and
halite
ancient
halite,
but
other
chemical
sediments
not
evaluated
biosignatures.
Here,
we
present
the
first
observations
analysis
of
microorganisms
organic
compounds
primary
fluid
inclusions
Mars-analog
mineral
mirabilite,
Na2SO4·10H2O,
from
Great
Salt
Lake,
Utah,
USA.
Microscopy
by
transmitted
light
ultraviolet-visible
(UV-vis)
light,
Raman
spectroscopy,
show
abundant
bacteria
and/or
Archaea,
algae,
fungi,
diatoms,
protozoa,
such
as
beta-carotene.
This
discovery
expands
our
current
knowledge
biological
materials
trapped
salt
aids
search
life
Mars,
both
sample
selection
rover
analyses
return
samples
The
Dead
Sea
is
unique
compared
to
other
extreme
halophilic
habitats.
Its
salinity
exceeds
34%,
and
it
getting
saltier.
environment
characterized
by
a
dominance
of
divalent
cations,
with
magnesium
chloride
(MgCl2)
levels
approaching
the
predicted
2.3
M
upper
limit
for
life,
an
acidic
pH
6.0,
high
absorbed
ultraviolet
radiation.
Consequently,
only
organisms
adapted
such
polyextreme
can
survive
in
surface,
sinkholes,
sediments,
muds,
underwater
springs
Sea.
Metagenomic
sequence
analysis
amino
acid
profiling
indicated
that
predominantly
composed
halophiles
have
various
adaptation
mechanisms
produce
metabolites
be
utilized
biotechnological
purposes.
A
variety
products
been
obtained
from
microorganisms
isolated
Sea,
as
antimicrobials,
bioplastics,
biofuels,
extremozymes,
retinal
proteins,
colored
pigments,
exopolysaccharides,
compatible
solutes.
These
resources
find
applications
agriculture,
food,
biofuel
production,
industry,
bioremediation
detoxification
wastewater
soil.
Utilizing
bioprocessing
platform
offers
advantages
reduced
energy
consumption,
decreased
freshwater
demand,
minimized
capital
investment,
continuous
production.
BMC Oral Health,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Heat-polymerized
acrylic
resin
is
widely
used
in
prosthodontics
due
to
its
various
advantages.
However,
susceptibility
microbial
colonization,
influenced
by
surface
properties
such
as
roughness,
water
sorption,
and
free
energy,
poses
challenges
maintaining
oral
health.
Microbial
adhesion,
particularly
of
Candida
albicans,
plays
a
significant
role
the
overall
load
on
denture
surface,
predisposing
several
health
related
complications.
While
polishing
techniques
improve
smoothness,
their
effects
sorption
which
are
critical
remain
understudied.
This
study
explores
impact
Mechanical
Polishing
(MP)
Chemical
(CP)
methods
these
potential
reduce
albicans
adhesion.
Twenty-four
square
samples
heat-cured
were
fabricated
divided
into
two
groups
12
for
MP
CP
respectively.
Surface
roughness
(Ra)
was
measured
using
profilometer.
Scanning
Electron
Microscopy
(SEM)
analysis
conducted
polished
unpolished
specimens.
Water
assessed
through
weekly
weighing,
energy
determined
goniometer.
identification
done
Dichloran
Rose-Bengal
Chloramphenicol
(DRBC)
agar
confirmation
achieved
microscopy
growth
selective
media.
Adherence
viable
assays
performed
both
non-polished
Statistical
SPSS
(Version
24.0).
Mann-Whitney
U
test
compared
initial
adherence
between
groups.
Linear
regression
examined
influence
factors
adherence.
did
not
significantly
differ
methods.
resulted
reduced
lower
decreased
adhesion
MP.
A
negative
association
observed
Both
desired
level
smoothness.
demonstrated
superior
performance
reducing
suggests
practical
benefits
clinical
settings,
intaglio
surfaces
where
impractical.
Astrobiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
The
notion
of
liquid
water
beneath
the
ice
layer
at
south
polar
layered
deposits
(SPLD)
Mars
is
an
interesting
possibility
given
implications
for
astrobiology
and
possible
human
habitation.
A
body
located
a
depth
1.5
km
has
been
inferred
from
radar
data
in
South
Polar
Cap.
However,
high
temperatures
that
would
facilitate
existence
or
brine
are
not
consistent
with
estimations
heat
flow
based
on
lithosphere's
flexure.
Attempts
to
reconcile
both
issues
have
inconclusive
otherwise
unsuccessful.
Here,
we
analyze
role(s)
subsurface
ammonia
and/or
methanol
maintaining
state
compatible
lithosphere
strength.
Our
results
indicate
presence
these
compounds
base
SPLD
can
previous
surface
flow.
