The inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(10)

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs and life on Earth presently faces a sixth mass event driven by anthropogenic activity, climate change ecological collapse. field conservation genetics aims at preserving using their levels genetic diversity, usually measured as neutral genome-wide barometer for evaluating population health risk. A fundamental assumption that higher diversity lead to an increase in fitness long-term survival species. Here, we argue against the perceived importance wild populations We demonstrate no simple general relationship exists between risk extinction. Instead, better understanding properties functional demographic history, relationships, necessary developing implementing effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Redundancy analysis: A Swiss Army Knife for landscape genomics

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2298 - 2309

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstract Landscape genomics identifies how spatial and environmental factors structure the amount distribution of genetic variation among populations. genomic analyses have been applied across diverse taxonomic groups ecological settings, are increasingly used to analyse datasets composed large numbers markers multiple predictors. It is in this context that multivariate methods show their strengths. Redundancy analysis (RDA) a constrained ordination that, landscape framework, models linear relationships environment predictors variation, effectively identifying covarying allele frequencies associated with environment. RDA can be at both individual population levels, include covariates account for confounding directly infer genotype–environment associations on landscape. The modelling response explanatory variables allows accommodate complexity found nature, producing powerful efficient tool genomics. In review, we outline uses genomics, including variable selection, variance partitioning, associations, calculation adaptive indices offset. To illustrate these applications, use published dataset lodgepole pine includes genomic, phenotypic data. We provide an introduction statistical basis RDA, tutorial its interpretation discuss limitations guidelines avoid misuse. This review comprehensive resource community improve understanding as encourage appropriate applications. truly Swiss Army Knife genomics: multipurpose, adaptable versatile approach identifying, evaluating forecasting between variation.

Language: Английский

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Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1511 - 1538

Published: April 12, 2022

Biodiversity underlies ecosystem resilience, function, sustainable economies, and human well-being. Understanding how biodiversity sustains ecosystems under anthropogenic stressors global environmental change will require new ways of deriving applying data. A major challenge is that data knowledge are scattered, biased, collected with numerous methods, stored in inconsistent ways. The Group on Earth Observations Observation Network (GEO BON) has developed the Essential Variables (EBVs) as fundamental metrics to help aggregate, harmonize, interpret observation from diverse sources. Mapping analyzing EBVs can evaluate aspects distributed geographically they over time. also intended serve inputs validation forecast status trends biodiversity, support policy decision making. Here, we assess feasibility implementing Genetic Composition (Genetic EBVs), which within-species genetic variation. We review bring together areas field genetics each contributes regional monitoring respect theory, sampling logistics, metadata, archiving, aggregation, modeling, technological advances. propose four EBVs: (i) Diversity; (ii) Differentiation; (iii) Inbreeding; (iv) Effective Population Size (Ne ). rank according their relevance, sensitivity change, generalizability, scalability, availability. outline workflow for generating underlying EBVs, advances needs archiving composition metadata. discuss be operationalized by visualizing space time across species forecasting beyond current observations using various modeling approaches. Our then explores challenges standardization, costs operationalizing well future directions opportunities maximize uptake globally research policy. collection, annotation, availability made past decade, practical standardized framework large-scale reporting. Rapid DNA sequencing technology present opportunities, but regionally globally. With these advances, starting integrated into conservation policy, foundation all species' long-term persistence face change. conclude a summary concrete steps researchers makers advancing operationalization EBVs. technical analytical foundations developed, practitioners should anticipate increasing application efforts emerge scale up

Language: Английский

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Prospects and limitations of genomic offset in conservation management

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1202 - 1212

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

In nature conservation, there is keen interest in predicting how populations will respond to environmental changes such as climate change. These predictions can help determine whether a population be self-sustaining under future alterations of its habitat or it may require human intervention protection, restoration, assisted migration. An increasingly popular approach this respect the concept genomic offset, which combines and data from different time points and/or locations assess degree possible maladaptation new conditions. Here, we argue that offset holds great potential, but an exploration risks limitations needed use for recommendations conservation After briefly describing concept, list important issues consider (e.g., statistical frameworks, genetic structure, migration, independent evidence) when using developing these methods further. We conclude area development still lacks some features should used combination with other approaches inform measures.

Language: Английский

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Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 165 - 183

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish species' potential adapt future environments. Understanding monitoring how organisms respond human-driven change is therefore major priority for conservation rapidly changing environment. Recent developments genomic, transcriptomic epigenomic technologies enabling unprecedented insights into evolutionary processes molecular bases adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply integrate omics tools experimentally investigate, monitor predict species communities wild cope with change, which by genetically adapting new conditions, through range shifts or phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages limitations each method discuss research avenues would improve our understanding responses highlighting need holistic, multi-omics approaches ecosystem during Species can shifting their these responses.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Centre‐Periphery Hypothesis Through Genomic Phylogeographical Comparisons of Two Sister Species of Liquidambar in East Asia's Tertiary Relict Forests

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Understanding the spatial distribution of genetic variation within species is a central tenet in evolutionary biology and conservation biology. This study explores how historical demographic processes and/or environmental factors interact to affect contemporary adaptive potential, with specific focus on testing ‘centre‐periphery’ hypothesis (CPH). Location Subtropical China. Taxon Liquidambar. Methods We combined comparative phylogeography, landscape genomics niche modelling investigate interplay between history past/current shaping Liquidambar formosana L. acalycina , sister pair East Asia's Tertiary relict forests. Results In both species, core populations occupied highly suitable habitats at highest densities. Consistent CPH, population diversity decreased, differentiation increased, from centre margin but not likely reflecting different histories relative contributions geography, past (LGM) current climates their present‐day variation. addition, showed higher potential future climate change than . Main Conclusions demonstrates that differences adaptability among closely related can be explained by contrasting responses multiple geographic/climatic factors. turn, it should also expand our understanding while informing efforts for these two species.

Language: Английский

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Genotype–Environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(15), P. 3730 - 3746

Published: May 21, 2021

Climate change is increasingly impacting ecosystems globally. Understanding adaptive genetic diversity and whether it will keep pace with projected climatic necessary to assess species' vulnerability design efficient mitigation strategies such as assisted adaptation. Kelp forests are the foundations of temperate reefs globally but declining in many regions due climate stress. A lack knowledge kelp's hinders assessment under extant future climates. Using 4245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we characterized patterns neutral putative for dominant kelp southern hemisphere (Ecklonia radiata) from ~1000 km coastline off Western Australia. Strong population structure isolation-by-distance was underpinned by significant signatures selection related temperature light. Gradient forest analysis temperature-linked SNPs revealed a strong association mean annual range, suggesting adaptation local thermal environments. Critically, modelling that predicted climate-mediated changes probably result high genomic via mismatch between current genotype-environment relationships Australia need significantly adapt change. Proactive management techniques boost resilience may be required secure these immense ecological economic values they support.

Language: Английский

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New developments in the field of genomic technologies and their relevance to conservation management

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 217 - 242

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

Abstract Recent technological advances in the field of genomics offer conservation managers and practitioners new tools to explore for applications. Many these are well developed used by other life science fields, while others still development. Considering possibilities, choosing right tool(s) from toolbox is crucial can pose a challenging task. With this mind, we strive inspire, inform illuminate on how efforts benefit current genomic biotechnological revolution. inspirational case studies show technologies help resolve some main challenges, also informing implementable different are. We here focus specifically small population management, highlight potential genetic rescue, discuss opportunities gene editing with adaptation changing environments. In addition, delineate applications drives controlling invasive species. that offers added efforts, but comes limitations use novel emerging techniques.

Language: Английский

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The application gap: Genomics for biodiversity and ecosystem service management

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 109883 - 109883

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

The conservation of biodiversity from the genetic to community levels is fundamental for continual provision ecosystem services (ES), benefits that ecosystems provide people. Genetic and genomic diversity enhance resilience populations communities underpin functions services. We show genomics applications are mostly limited flagship species their ES management underachieved. propose a framework on how can guide sustainable bridge this genomics-ES 'application gap'. review knowledge in single (relatedness, potentially adaptive variants) or interacting (host-microorganism coevolution, hybridization) effective actions. These include population supplementation, assisted migration hybridization promote climate-adapted variants potential, control invasives, delimitation areas, provenancing strategies restoration, managing microbial function solving trade-offs. Genomics-informed actions improved outcomes supported through synergies between scientists managers at local, regional international levels, development standardized workflows, training incorporation local information. Such facilitate implementation policies such as UN 2030 goals EU Biodiversity strategy 2030, support inclusion ambitious new CBD post-2020 Global Framework hybrids.

Language: Английский

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Landscape Genomics in Tree Conservation Under a Changing Environment

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Understanding the genetic basis of how species respond to changing environments is essential conservation species. However, molecular mechanisms adaptation remain largely unknown for long-lived tree which always have large population sizes, long generation time, and extensive gene flow. Recent advances in landscape genomics can reveal signals adaptive selection linking variations characteristics therefore created novel insights into strategies. In this review article, we first summarized methods used elucidated advantages disadvantages these methods. We then highlighted newly developed method “Risk Non-adaptedness,” predict offset or genomic vulnerability via allele frequency change under multiple scenarios climate change. Finally, provided prospects concerning our introduced approaches assist policymaking improve existing strategies ongoing global changes.

Language: Английский

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