Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal About Fish Welfare

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 30, 2021

Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal welfare assessment, including activation status neuroendocrine and immune system, acute long-term impacts due to adverse husbandry conditions, potential diseases, genetic predispositions. However, fish blood is still not routinely analyzed in research or aquaculture for assessment health and/or welfare. Over years, investigative techniques have evolved from antibody-based PCR-based single-parameter now include transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic approaches hematological observations fluorescence-activated cell sorting high-throughput modes. The range testing established broader than any other biogenic test material. Evaluation particular characteristics blood, such as its composition, nucleation distinct cells, multiple isoforms certain factors, requires adapted protocols careful attention experimental designs interpretation data. Analyses can an integrated picture endocrine, immunological, reproductive, functions under defined environmental conditions treatments. Therefore, scarcity using a material physiology studies surprising. This review summarizes wide that allow monitoring informative parameters are modulated by different stressors, We compact overview several simple plasma tests multiparametric we discuss their use pathologies.

Language: Английский

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The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 239 - 254

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep associated on neuroendocrine regulation rhythmic cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts "stress leukocytes" such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present rhythm daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases epinephrine, leading mobilization these out marginal pool into circulation following fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets eosinophils less redirected during daytime. This stimulation glucocorticoid receptor cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven traffic, presumably bone marrow. Hence, show highest numbers blood at night when cortisol levels lowest. Sleep adds actively suppressing epinephrine levels. addition, immunosupportive mediators, aldosterone growth hormone, assumed promote T-cell homing lymph nodes, thus facilitating initiation adaptive responses sleep. Taken together, sleep-wake behavior its unique changes regulates overall effects nocturnal de-activation redistribution certain leukocytes marrow activity serves homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Use of modern geometric design of fish ponds to increase welfare and blood parameters

Bionatura, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 1 - 7

Published: June 15, 2023

Fish currently suffer from a lack of well-being due to the large number pollutants in water and space given them, which makes them afraid uncomfortable, leads welfare and, thus, production poor quality meat. This study was designed using modern geometric design (DGD) basin design, is an H-mark. Three hundred fishes were used distributed three treatments with four replications; each treatment consisted 100 fishes, replicate included 25. The first control (C), represented by raising fish regular ponds, second farming novelty ponds shape H sign (ND). third earthen (EP). statistical analysis findings demonstrated that ND significantly improved condition. ( p≤0.05) red blood cells, over rest treatments, for HD hemoglobin, superior rest. In PCV, significant improvement compared if highest value recorded, results changes between experimental at level (p 0.05). outcomes revealed white cells increased therapy Cells, H/L treatments; there no differences but Glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride HDL, LDL, GPT, GOT, treatments. Using helped increase their feeling comfort fear, behavior, traits, growth performance. Keywords: Modern Geometric Design, Ponds, Blood Traits, Behavior Growth Performance

Language: Английский

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Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment: Where Do We Stand?

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1966 - 1966

Published: June 12, 2023

Zoological institutions, such as zoos and aquariums, have made animal welfare a top priority, it is not only moral obligation but also crucial for fulfilling their roles in education conservation. There need science-based tools to assess monitor these settings. However, assessing the of zoo animals challenging due diversity species lack knowledge on specific needs. This review aims discuss advantages disadvantages existing methodologies through: (1) A critical analysis main approaches assessment; (2) description most relevant animal-based indicators with particular focus behavioural physiological indicators; (3) An identification areas that require further research.

Language: Английский

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Light color and the commercial broiler: effect on behavior, fear, and stress

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 101(11), P. 102052 - 102052

Published: July 13, 2022

Light is an important component in poultry production, and it may impact bird behavior, of animal welfare. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are interest for broiler production since they inexpensive to run provide monochromatic colors. This study aimed understand the three light colors (blue, green, or white), provided by LED lighting, on behavioral expression, stress fear levels broilers. A total 14,256 male female broilers 2 genotypes (Ross EPMx708 Ross YPMx708) were housed 9 rooms blocked trials (3 room replicates per trial), with sexes 12 separate pens room. Behavioral expression was recorded using infrared camera analyzed a scan sampling technique. To assess fear, 3 tests conducted: tonic immobility, novel object, response observer. Blood collected evaluate chronic heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio. Data statistically SAS (MIXED procedure) × factorial design, lighting treatment nested within Fear indicated reduced birds raised under blue (lower latency rise during immobility test lower percentage moving due passage observer). No differences observed object test. color resulted changes levels, H:L ratio compared those white light. Behavior influenced color, especially at 33 34 d age, where more active, spent time resting. Overall, results that has minor influences expression. Utilizing brooding rearing phase leads reduction suggesting improve emotional states stress, thereby improving welfare poultry.

Language: Английский

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Time-related immunomodulation by stressors and corticosterone transdermal application in toads

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. e0222856 - e0222856

Published: Sept. 20, 2019

Immune responses have been mostly studied at a specific time in anuran species. However, time-changes related to immunomodulation associated with glucocorticoid (GC) alterations following stressors and GC treatment are complex. The present study describes time-related changes immune response corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels restraint challenge, short, mid long-term captivity, CORT exogenous administration by transdermal application (TA) Rhinella ornata toads. We observed increased neutrophil: lymphocyte ratios after challenge TA, without short mid-term captivity. Plasma bacterial killing ability was sustained all treatments, except decreased values 90 days under such conditions. Phagocytic activity of peritoneal cells the phytohemagglutinin swelling impaired those animals treated TA for 20 consecutive days. or were (depending on initial values), captivity (for showing high field) TA. By performing assessments processes R. ornata, we demonstrate immuno-enhancing effects restraint, stressors, while promoted immunosuppression these

Language: Английский

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Effects of urbanisation and pollution on the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in birds from Brazilian Cerrado

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(26), P. 40204 - 40212

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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How do different concentrations of aluminum and zinc affect the survival, body size, morphology and immune system of Physalaemus cuvieri (Fitzinger, 1826) tadpole?

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87(8), P. 342 - 356

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

The assessment of amphibian responses as bioindicators exposure to chemical pollutants is an important tool for conservation native species. This study aimed investigate the effects chronic aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) on survival, body size, morphology (malformations), immune system (leukocyte profile) in P. cuvieri tadpoles. Ecotoxicological analyses were performed utilizing toxicity tests which 210 tadpoles at 25th Gosner developmental stage exposed Al Zn. Individuals maintained glass containers containing various concentrations sulfate (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/L) (0.18, 0.27 0.35 mg/L), triplicate. After 14 days, amphibians weighed, measured survival rate, malformations oral intestine apparatus, leukocyte profile, ratio between neutrophils lymphocytes determined. differing Zn did not produce lethality where 95% animals survived 326 hr following metal exposure. achieved greater growth weight gain compared controls. Aluminum increased These metals also produced apparatus enhanced occurrence hemorrhages, especially highest doses. Lymphocytes predominant cells among leukocytes, with lymphopenia neutrophilia observed treatment, evidenced by elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, indicator stress animals. Data suggest that further studies need be carried out, even higher than those prescribed CONAMA, ensure this

Language: Английский

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The Heterophil-to-Lymphocyte (H/L) Ratio Indicates Varying Physiological Characteristics in Nestlings Compared to Adults in a Long-Lived Seabird

Birds, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The ratio of the innate heterophils to acquired lymphocytes (the H/L-ratio) has been advocated as a good indicator physiological stress. Little is known, however, about their development in wild birds. present study investigates how leucocyte profiles develop nestlings long-lived seabird, Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). We counted blood leucocytes 10 and 25 days age (n = 23), breeding adults around time hatching 40) calculated H/L-ratio for all three groups. further investigated if any variation counts could be explained by body condition or stress-related hormone corticosterone. 10-day-old better showed greater investment heterophils, which increased H/L-ratio. initial focus on immunity shifted towards days, aligning with that adults. In adult Kittiwakes, correlated lower H/L-ratio, reverse pattern young nestlings, this was not linked stress (corticosterone) levels. Overall, our findings suggest reflects ontogeny traits individual condition. As an indicator, values must interpreted depending age, its sensitivity may also vary. such, always reliable stress, particular related release glucocorticoid hormones.

Language: Английский

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Adrenal response to competitive singing: glucocorticoid metabolites in male Saltator similis (Aves, Thraupidae)

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Song competitions involving passerines, such as the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), are legally permitted in Brazil and attract widespread participation. This study aimed to assess adrenal response male S. similis by comparing glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) levels uro-faecal extract samples collected during three with those from a rest day (3 days before competition, D-3), competition (D-1), of (D0) after (D1). Simultaneously, we examined potential variation GCM among other males not engaged song but subjected ex situ conditions much like participating males. were measured using direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA, CJM006), which was physiologically (ACTH challenge) analytically validated (parallelism, accuracy precision tests) for species under study. The results indicated that average concentration lower group (33.43 ± 22.09 ng/g) compared control (70.09 29.45 ng/g; P = 0.01). However, concentrations spiked significantly on (D0: 38.29 26.12 (D-3: 28.64 17.86 0.02), suggesting acute stress response. Given elevated observed competitions, further research is necessary confirm welfare these birds explore long-term effects stressors.

Language: Английский

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