Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 340 - 351
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
Evidence
for
the
idea
that
some
individuals
may
experience
an
addictive-like
response
to
certain
foods
has
grown
in
past
decade.
Food
addiction
parallels
substance
use
disorders
suggest
highly
processed
(e.g.,
chocolate,
French
fries)
exhibit
addictive
potential
and
trigger
responses
vulnerable
individuals.
An
opposing
conceptualization
of
eating
was
recently
developed,
suggesting
behavioral
act
be
rather
than
foods.
However,
arguments
a
do
not
consider
central
role
behaviors
within
are
supported
by
preliminary
research
demonstrating
directly
contribute
phenotype.
The
primary
goal
this
chapter
is
argue
substance-based,
food
framework
most
appropriate
reflection
current
state
literature
more
closely
scientific
understanding
disorders.
Specifically,
will
review
theoretical
debates
between
versus
perspectives,
raise
concerns
about
discrepancies
existing
addictions,
assessment
tools
addiction.
Finally,
implications
stigma,
intervention,
future
discussed.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
45(5), P. 720 - 735
Published: Jan. 6, 2020
Drug
addiction
may
be
a
goal-directed
choice
driven
by
excessive
drug
value
in
negative
affective
states,
habit
strong
stimulus-response
associations,
or
compulsion
insensitivity
to
costs
imposed
on
seeking.
Laboratory
animal
and
human
evidence
for
these
three
theories
is
evaluated.
Excessive
goal
theory
supported
dependence
severity
being
associated
with
greater
choice/economic
demand.
demonstrably
(driven
the
expected
of
drug)
can
augmented
stress/negative
mood
induction
withdrawal-effects
amplified
those
psychiatric
symptoms
use
coping
motives.
Furthermore,
confer
risk
dependence,
motives
mediate
this
risk.
Habit
has
weaker
support.
Habitual
behaviour
seen
drug-exposed
animals
often
does
not
occur
complex
decision
scenarios,
where
responding
rewarded,
so
unlikely
explain
most
addictive
conditions
apply.
studies
have
found
propensity
habitual
users
as
function
severity,
minority
that
explained
task
disengagement
producing
impaired
explicit
contingency
knowledge.
Compulsion
also
weak
The
persistence
punished
seeking
better
(evinced
association
economic
demand)
than
costs.
provided
discount
cost
severity.
These
data
suggest
primarily
under
affect,
less
compulsion.
Addiction
pathological
because
states
powerfully
increase
acutely
outweighing
abstinence
goals.
Addiction Biology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 885 - 897
Published: March 3, 2016
Abstract
In
light
of
the
upcoming
eleventh
edition
International
Classification
Diseases
(ICD‐11),
question
arises
as
to
most
appropriate
classification
‘Pathological
Gambling’
(‘PG’).
Some
academic
opinion
favors
leaving
PG
in
‘Impulse
Control
Disorder’
(‘ICD’)
category,
ICD‐10,
whereas
others
argue
that
new
data
especially
from
neurobiological
area
favor
allocating
it
category
‘Substance‐related
and
Addictive
Disorders’
(‘SADs’),
following
decision
fifth
revision
Diagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders.
The
current
review
examines
important
findings
relation
PG,
with
aim
enabling
a
well‐informed
be
made
respect
SAD
or
ICD
ICD‐11.
Particular
attention
is
given
cognitive
deficits
underlying
mechanisms
play
role
SADs
ICDs.
These
processes
are
impulsivity,
compulsivity,
reward/punishment
processing
decision‐making.
summary,
strongest
arguments
for
subsuming
under
larger
relate
existence
similar
diagnostic
characteristics;
high
co‐morbidity
rates
between
disorders;
their
common
core
features
including
reward‐related
aspects
(positive
reinforcement:
behaviors
pleasurable
at
beginning
which
not
case
ICDs);
same
brain
structures
involved
SADs,
ventral
striatum.
Research
on
compulsivity
suggests
relationship
SAD,
particularly
later
stages
disorders.
Although
research
limited
ICDs,
do
support
continuing
classify
an
ICD.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
84, P. 204 - 217
Published: Dec. 6, 2017
Compulsivity
is
a
core
feature
of
addictive
disorders,
including
gambling
disorder.
However,
it
unclear
to
what
extent
this
compulsive
behavior
in
disorder
associated
with
abnormal
compulsivity-related
neurocognitive
functioning.
Here,
we
summarize
and
synthesize
the
evidence
for
behavior,
as
assessed
by
tasks,
individuals
compared
healthy
controls
(HCs).
A
total
29
studies,
comprising
41
task-results,
were
included
systematic
review;
32
datasets
(n
=
1072
disorder;
n
1312
HCs)
also
meta-analyses,
conducted
each
cognitive
task
separately.
Our
meta-analyses
indicate
significant
deficits
flexibility,
attentional
set-shifting,
bias.
Overall,
these
findings
support
idea
that
performance
characterize
This
association
may
provide
possible
link
between
impairments
executive
functions
related
action.
We
discuss
practical
relevance
results,
their
implications
our
understanding
how
they
relate
neurobiological
factors
other
‘disorders
compulsivity’.
