Addiction,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
117(6), P. 1510 - 1517
Published: Sept. 30, 2021
Abstract
Background
The
lack
of
an
agreed
international
minimum
approach
to
measuring
cannabis
use
hinders
the
integration
multidisciplinary
evidence
on
psychosocial,
neurocognitive,
clinical
and
public
health
consequences
use.
Methods
A
group
25
expert
researchers
convened
discuss
a
framework
for
standards
measure
globally
in
diverse
settings.
Results
expert‐based
consensus
upon
three‐layered
hierarchical
framework.
Each
layer—universal
measures,
detailed
self‐report
biological
measures—reflected
different
research
priorities
standards,
costs
ease
implementation.
Additional
work
is
needed
develop
valid
precise
assessments.
Conclusions
Consistent
proposed
across
research,
health,
practice
medical
settings
would
facilitate
harmonisation
consumption,
related
harms
approaches
their
mitigation.
Addiction,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
116(5), P. 1000 - 1010
Published: Nov. 7, 2020
Abstract
Background
and
aims
Cannabis
products
with
high
delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
concentrations
carry
an
increased
risk
of
addiction
mental
health
disorders,
while
it
has
been
suggested
that
cannabidiol
(CBD)
may
moderate
the
effects
THC.
This
study
aimed
to
systematically
review
meta‐analyse
changes
in
THC
CBD
cannabis
over
time
(PROSPERO
registration:
CRD42019130055).
Design
Embase,
MEDLINE®
Epub
Ahead
Print,
In‐Process
Other
Non‐Indexed
Citations
Daily,
Global
Health,
PsycINFO
Scopus
were
searched
from
inception
27/03/2019
for
observational
studies
reporting
mean
and/or
concentration
at
least
three
annual
points.
Searches
extraction
conducted
by
two
independent
reviewers.
Random
meta‐regression
models
estimated
each
product
within
study;
these
estimates
pooled
across
random
models.
Results
We
identified
12
eligible
USA,
UK,
Netherlands,
France,
Denmark,
Italy
New
Zealand.
For
all
herbal
cannabis,
0.29%
year
(95%
CI:
0.11,
0.47),
P
<
0.001
based
on
66
747
samples
eight
studies,
1970–2017.
resin,
0.57%
0.10,
1.03),
=
0.017
17
371
1975–2017.
There
was
no
evidence
[−0.01%
−0.02,
0.01),
0.280;
49
434
five
1995–2017]
or
resin
[0.03%
−0.11,
0.18),
0.651;
11
382
six
1992–2017].
Risk
bias
low
apart
non‐random
sampling
most
studies.
substantial
heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Concentrations
international
markets
1970
2017
remained
stable.
Increases
greater
than
cannabis.
Rising
attributable
market
share
high‐THC
sinsemilla
relative
low‐THC
traditional
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
45(6), P. 644 - 663
Published: Oct. 11, 2019
Background:
The
past
decade
has
seen
unprecedented
shifts
in
the
cannabis
policy
environment,
and
public
health
impacts
of
these
changes
will
hinge
on
how
they
affect
patterns
use
harms
associated
with
other
substances.Objectives:
To
review
existing
research
state
substance
use,
emphasizing
studies
using
methods
for
causal
inference
highlighting
gaps
our
understanding
evolving
markets.Methods:
Narrative
quasi-experimental
medical
laws
(MCLs)
recreational
(RCLs)
disorders,
as
well
or
from
alcohol,
opioids,
tobacco.Results:
Research
suggests
MCLs
increase
adult
but
not
adolescent
provisions
less
regulated
supply
may
disorders.
These
reduce
some
opioid-related
harms,
while
their
alcohol
tobacco
remain
uncertain.
RCLs
is
just
emerging,
findings
suggest
little
impact
prevalence
potential
increases
college
student
unknown
effects
use.Conclusions:
influence
advanced
importance
heterogeneity
policies,
populations,
market
dynamics,
relate
to
often
ignore
factors.
Understanding
requires
greater
attention
differences
short-
versus
long-term
laws,
nuances
policies
consumption,
careful
consideration
appropriate
control
groups.
World Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. 179 - 186
Published: May 11, 2020
The
sale
of
cannabis
for
adult
recreational
use
has
been
made
legal
in
nine
US
states
since
2012,
and
nationally
Uruguay
2013
Canada
2018.
We
review
research
on
the
effects
legalization
among
adults
adolescents
cannabis-related
harms;
impact
legalizing
price,
availability,
potency
use;
regulatory
policies
that
may
increase
or
limit
adverse
legalization.
substantially
reduced
price
cannabis,
increased
its
potency,
more
available
to
users.
It
appears
have
frequency
adults,
but
not
so
far
youth.
also
emergency
department
attendances
hospitalizations
some
harms.
relatively
modest
date
probably
reflect
restrictions
number
locations
retail
outlets
constraints
commercialization
under
a
continued
federal
prohibition
cannabis.
Future
evaluations
should
monitor:
sales
volumes,
prices
content
tetrahydrocannabinol;
prevalence
household
high
school
surveys;
car
crash
fatalities
injuries
involving
drivers
who
are
cannabis-impaired;
presentations
related
cannabis;
demand
treatment
disorders;
regular
vulnerable
young
people
mental
health
services,
schools
criminal
justice
system.
Governments
propose
legalize
regulate
need
fund
monitor
impacts
these
policy
changes
public
health,
take
advantage
this
develop
ways
regulating
can-nabis
minimize
health.
