The Role of Th17 Response in COVID-19

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1550 - 1550

Published: June 19, 2021

COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Transmission infections occurs through droplets and contaminated objects. A rapid well-coordinated immune response first line defense in a viral infection. However, disturbed over-activated may be counterproductive, causing damage to body. Severely ill patients hospitalised exhibit increased levels many cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) tumor necrosis (TNF). Increasing evidence suggests that Th17 cells play important role pathogenesis COVID-19, not only activating cytokine cascade but also inducing Th2 responses, inhibiting Th1 differentiation suppressing Treg cells. This review focuses on pathway course explores plausible targets for therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

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Targeting immunometabolism against acute lung injury

Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 109289 - 109289

Published: March 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(9), P. 1801 - 1814

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Background Thyroid dysfunction has been observed in patients with COVID-19, and endocrinologists are requested to understand this clinical issue. Pandemic-related restrictions reorganization of healthcare services may affect thyroid disease management. Objective methods To analyze discuss the relationship between COVID-19 diseases from several perspectives. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for purpose by using free text words medical subject headings as follows: “sars cov 2”, “covid 19”, “subacute thyroiditis”, “atypical “chronic “hashimoto’s “graves’ disease”, “thyroid nodule”, “differentiated cancer”, “medullary “methimazole”, “levothyroxine”, “multikinase inhibitor”, “remdesivir”, “tocilizumab”. Data collected, analyzed, discussed answer following questions: “What evidence suggests that induce detrimental consequences on function?"; "Could previous or concomitant deteriorate prognosis once infection occurred?”; “Could management influence course COVID-19?”; “Does interfere function?”; “Are there defined strategies better manage endocrine despite restrictive measures in-hospital ambulatory activities reorganizations?”. Results SARS-CoV-2 is usually reversible, including subclinical atypical thyroiditis. Patients baseline not at higher risk contracting transmitting SARS-CoV-2, does foster a worse progression COVID-19. However, it unclear whether low levels triiodothyronine, seriously ill worsen disease's and, consequently, if triiodothyronine supplementation could be tool reducing burden. Glucocorticoids heparin hormone secretion measurement, respectively, leading possible misdiagnosis severe cases High-risk nodules require fine-needle aspiration without relevant delay, whereas other non-urgent diagnostic procedures therapeutic interventions should postponed. Discussion Currently, we know lead short-term reversible dysfunction, but seem Adequate remains essential during pandemic, compromised because service restrictions. Endocrine care centers continuously recognize classify priority in-person visits procedures. Telemedicine useful managing requiring visits.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Immune Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Reproductive Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 3303 - 3315

Published: June 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Virulence and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques: A nonhuman primate model of COVID-19 progression

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. e1008949 - e1008949

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

The COVID-19 has emerged as an epidemic, causing severe pneumonia with a high infection rate globally. To better understand the pathogenesis caused by SARS-CoV-2, we developed rhesus macaque model to mimic natural via nasal route, resulting in SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding nose and stool up 27 days. Importantly, observed pathological progression of marked interstitial infected animals on 5–7 dpi, dissemination widely occurring lower respiratory tract lymph nodes, viral RNA was consistently detected from 5 21 dpi. During period, kinetics response T cells revealed contribute progression. Our findings implied that antiviral suppressed after 3 days post infection, which might be related increases Treg cell population PBMCs. Moreover, two waves enhanced production cytokines (TGF-α, IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-15, IL-1β), chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, MIP-1β/CCL4) were lung tissue. data collected this suggested cytokine/chemokine changes should considered evaluation parameters for treatment vaccine development, besides observation analysis.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of COVID-19 on the Placenta During Pregnancy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a global pandemic. The virus primarily affects lungs where it induces distress ranging from mild to acute, however, there is growing body of evidence supporting its negative effects on other system organs that also carry ACE2 receptor, such as placenta. majority newborns delivered SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers test following delivery, suggesting are protective mechanisms within There appears be higher incidence pregnancy-related complications in mothers, miscarriage, restricted fetal growth, or still-birth. In this review, we discuss pathobiology COVID-19 maternal infection and potential adverse associated with viral infection, possibility transplacental transmission.

Language: Английский

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Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 30, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic novel virus that has caused massive pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Wuhan, city in China became the epicenter of outbreak COVID-19 December 2019. The was declared globally by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 beta CoV Coronaviridae family which usually causes symptoms resemble common cold. Multiple countries have experienced multiple waves and scientific experts are consistently working to find answers several unresolved questions, with aim most suitable ways contain virus. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies vaccine development for management also considered. Currently, substantial efforts been made develop successful safe treatments vaccines. Some vaccines, such as inactivated nucleic acid-based, vector-based entered phase 3 clinical trials. Additionally, diverse small molecule drugs, peptides antibodies being developed treat COVID-19. We present here an overview interaction host environment anti-CoV strategies; including vaccines other methodologies, designed prophylaxis treatment infection hope this integrative analysis could help approaches against

Language: Английский

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Regulatory T cells in COVID-19

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1545 - 1545

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to disruption immune system, exacerbated inflammation, and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an important subpopulation that exert immunosuppressive effects. Recent studies have demonstrated number Tregs significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients, this reduction may affect patients on several aspects, such as weakening effect inflammatory inhibition, causing imbalance Treg/Th17 ratio, increasing risk failure. Treg-targeted therapy alleviate symptoms retard progression patients. This study highlights recent findings involvement regulation responses COVID-19, we hope provide novel perspectives alternative immunotherapeutic strategies for currently prevalent worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Immune responses in mildly versus critically ill COVID-19 patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had devastating effects on the global health and economic system. cellular molecular mediators of both innate adaptive immune systems are critical in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, dysregulated inflammatory responses imbalanced immunity may contribute to tissue destruction pathogenesis disease. Important mechanisms severe forms COVID-19 include overproduction cytokines, impairment type I IFN response, overactivation neutrophils macrophages, decreased frequencies DC cells, NK cells ILCs, complement activation, lymphopenia, Th1 Treg hypoactivation, Th2 Th17 hyperactivation, as well clonal diversity B lymphocyte function. Given relationship between disease severity an system, scientists have been led manipulate system a therapeutic approach. For example, anti-cytokine, cell, IVIG therapies received attention treatment COVID-19. In this review, role development progression is discussed, focusing aspects mild vs. Moreover, some immune- based approaches being investigated. Understanding key processes involved developing agents optimizing related strategies.

Language: Английский

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The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes in a diverse cohort in England

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnancy. Risk factors for COVID-19 overlap with risk pregnancy complications. We aimed to assess effects pandemic and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection on outcomes. A retrospective interrupted time-series matched cohort analysis was performed. Singleton pregnancies completed between 1st January 2016 31st 2021 were included. Trends outcomes analysed over time. Modelled transmission data applied deliveries since 2020 assign a each pregnancy, incorporated into regression model birthweight. Confirmed cases controls delivered pre-pandemic period, maternal neonatal compared. 43,802 included, 8343 no increase stillbirth (p = 0.26) or death 0.64) during pandemic. association modelled attack rate (%) any trimester birthweight (first p 0.50, second 0.15, third 0.16). 214 COVID-positive women controls. Preterm birth more common symptomatic (14/62, 22.6%) compared asymptomatic (9/109, 8.3%, 0.008) (5/62, 8.1%, 0.025). Iatrogenic preterm (21/214, 9.8%) than (9/214, 4.2%, 0.02). All other examined similar groups. significant impact available. Symptomatic should be considered factor birth, possibly due an iatrogenic indications.

Language: Английский

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