SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, which has affected approximately six hundred million people globally as of August 2022. Organs and cells harboring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface receptors are the primary targets virus. However, once it enters body through respiratory system, virus can spread hematogenously to infect other organs. Therefore, COVID-19 affects many organs, causing severe long-term complications, even after disease ended, thus worsening quality life. Although is known that system most by infection, organs/systems in short long term. Since simultaneously redesigning diagnostic therapy policies fit damaged organs strongly recommended. Even though pathophysiology problems unknown, frequency cases rises with age existence preexisting symptoms. This study aims update our knowledge multi-organ dysfunction interaction based on clinical theoretical evidence. For this purpose, comprehensively elucidates recent studies effects multiple systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune, parts integumentary system. Understanding range atypical symptoms could improve surveillance, limit transmission, avoid additional multi-organ-system problems.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 336 - 348

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. 2920 - 2920

Published: June 29, 2021

The review aimed to summarize advances in the topic of endocrine diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Scientific institutional websites databases were searched data collected organized, when plausible, angle discussion toward following clinical issues. (1) Are patients with COVID-19 at higher risk developing acute or late-onset dysfunction? (2) May underlying dysfunctions be considered factors for poor prognosis once infection has occurred? (3) there defined strategies manage despite pandemic-related constraints? Herein, authors only relevant more frequently observed disorders related hypothalamic-pituitary region, thyroid parathyroid glands, calcium-phosphorus homeostasis osteoporosis, adrenal gonads. Main. Data highlight basis some pathophysiological mechanisms anatomical alterations Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced dysfunctions. Some conditions, such as insufficiency cortisol excess, may worse progression occurred. These at-risk populations require adequate education avoid SARS-CoV-2 adequately medical therapy during pandemic, even emergencies. Endocrine management underwent a palpable restraint, especially procedures requiring obligate access healthcare facilities diagnostic therapeutic purposes. Strategies triage prioritize consultations, laboratory, instrumental evaluations, digital telehealth solutions should implemented better deal this probably long-term situation.

Language: Английский

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Potential relationships between COVID-19 and the thyroid gland: an update

Journal of International Medical Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

In this review, I aim to provide a complete overview of recent advances in knowledge regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced thyroid dysfunction. discuss the findings role SARS-CoV-2 development dysfunction, including subacute thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, non-thyroidal illness, thyrotoxicosis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis during subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The gland entire hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis may represent key targets SARS-CoV-2. Thyroid dysfunction COVID-19 has been documented clinical studies is usually reversible. Most disorders, euthyroid sick syndrome, have as sequelae COVID-19, virus implicated aetiology each. suggested trigger activation pre-existing or autoimmunity. Furthermore, patients with uncontrolled are at risk infection-related consequences. Because neutropenia caused by antithyroid medications, which obscure signs group should receive special attention. It that direct infection “cytokine storm”-mediated autoimmune effects on thyroid.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID in Patients With Mild to Moderate Disease: Do Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity Play a Role?

Endocrine Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 894 - 902

Published: July 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Subacute thyroiditis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 865 - 874

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Background Observational studies have reported an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and thyroid dysfunction, but without a clear causal relationship. We attempted to evaluate the function COVID-19 using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Summary statistics on characteristics of dysfunction (hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism) were obtained from ThyroidOmics Consortium. Genome-wide study for susceptibility its severity Host Genetics Initiative, phenotypes included hospitalization very severe in participants. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as primary analysis method, supplemented by weighted-median (WM), MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO methods. Results adjusted Bonferroni correction thresholds. forward MR estimates show no effect severity. reverse found that suggestive factor hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 1.577, 95% CI 1.065–2.333, P 0.022; WM: 1.527, 1.042–2.240, 0.029), there lightly hospitalized 1.151, 1.004–1.319, 0.042; 1.197, 1.023-1.401, 0.023). There evidence supporting any phenotype hyperthyroidism. Conclusion Our results identified might be potential hypothyroidism. Therefore, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should strengthen monitoring function.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID-19 in Children: From the Pathogenesis to the Biologically Plausible Roots of the Syndrome

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 556 - 556

Published: April 8, 2022

Long Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) refers to the persistence of symptoms related infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This condition is described as persistent and can manifest in various combinations signs symptoms, such fatigue, headache, dyspnea, depression, cognitive impairment, altered perception smells tastes. COVID-19 may be due long-term damage different organs-such lung, brain, kidney, heart-caused by persisting viral-induced inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, diffuse endothelial damage, micro thrombosis. In this review, we discuss potential biologically plausible role some vitamins, essential elements, functional foods based on hypothesis that an individual's dietary status play important adjunctive protective immunity against possibly its consequences.

Language: Английский

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Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism as a Consequence of COVID-19 Infection

Medical Archives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Hypothyroidism occurs as a consequence of chronic autoimmune inflammation the thyroid gland, which due to reduced function in secretion hormones FT3 and FT4 requires replacement therapy for life. CoV-19 infection has shown many complications all organic systems, during acute phase post COVID period.The aim study was a) compare frequency patient visits hypothyroidism average dose levothyroxine SANASA polyclinic year before pandemic, early 2019, with 2020 2021; b) determine incidence after 19 infection, time onset disease, levothyroxine; c) monitor subclinical hypothyroidism, did not require substitution, infection.In from 2019 database we found 58 patients, at age between 18-70 years, 53 women 2 men female 1 male patients hypothyroidism. In there were total 89 73 4 9 3 2021 101 86 7 hypothyroidism.There significant difference number relation 2019. The per differ statistically, comparing three well those who ill, compared have COVID-19. There diagnoses 2020, 2021, an diagnosis months clinical 8 weeks hypothyroidism.CoV-19 adversely affects tissue causing requiring substitution should be monitored.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and thyroid diseases

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100214 - 100214

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for acute respiratory disease affected other organs leading to co-existence symptoms or complications. Thyroid gland was one of them due expression angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the protein facilitating viral binding host cells. Moreover, thyroid gland, important regulation hormonal network, is extremely sensitive any changes in homeostasis and metabolism. It shown, that COVID-19 associated with induction increasing existing functional disturbances autoimmune process. diseases are mainly based on immunological pathomechanism although relation between immune system function bidirectional e.g. hormones modulate specific responses, including cell-mediated immunity, NK cell activity, production antiviral interferon (IFN) proliferation T- B-lymphocytes. The effects mRNA vaccine discussed.

Language: Английский

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